{"id":4023,"date":"2020-05-06T14:23:49","date_gmt":"2020-05-06T14:23:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/noossocial.com\/?p=4023"},"modified":"2020-05-06T14:23:49","modified_gmt":"2020-05-06T14:23:49","slug":"%d9%82%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%85%d8%a9-%d8%b2%d9%88%d8%ac%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%ac%d9%83%d8%a7%d9%85-%d8%a3%d8%b3%d8%b1%d8%a9-%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/noossocial.com\/?p=4023","title":{"rendered":"\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0632\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"content\" class=\"mw-body\" role=\"main\">\n<h1 id=\"firstHeading\" class=\"firstHeading\" lang=\"ar\">\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0632\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627<\/h1>\n<div id=\"bodyContent\" class=\"mw-body-content\">\n<div id=\"contentSub\"><\/div>\n<div id=\"jump-to-nav\"><\/div>\n<p><a class=\"mw-jump-link\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AD%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7#mw-head\">\u0627\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644<\/a><a class=\"mw-jump-link\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AD%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7#p-search\">\u0627\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b<\/a><\/p>\n<div id=\"mw-content-text\" class=\"mw-content-rtl\" dir=\"rtl\" lang=\"ar\">\n<div class=\"mw-parser-output\">\n<div class=\"\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649\">\n<div class=\"\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/99\/Question_book-new.svg\/25px-Question_book-new.svg.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/99\/Question_book-new.svg\/38px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/99\/Question_book-new.svg\/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x\" alt=\"Question book-new.svg\" width=\"25\" height=\"19\" data-file-width=\"262\" data-file-height=\"204\" \/><\/div>\n<div>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0635\u0647\u00a0<a title=\"\u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627:\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631<\/a>. \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627:\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%A8%D9%87%D8%A7\">\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0627<\/a>. \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631\u00a0<a title=\"\u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627:\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AB%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9\">\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629<\/a>\u00a0\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627. (\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2016)<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:ModernEgypt,_Muhammad_Ali_by_Auguste_Couder,_BAP_17996.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/2d\/ModernEgypt%2C_Muhammad_Ali_by_Auguste_Couder%2C_BAP_17996.jpg\/200px-ModernEgypt%2C_Muhammad_Ali_by_Auguste_Couder%2C_BAP_17996.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/2d\/ModernEgypt%2C_Muhammad_Ali_by_Auguste_Couder%2C_BAP_17996.jpg\/300px-ModernEgypt%2C_Muhammad_Ali_by_Auguste_Couder%2C_BAP_17996.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/2d\/ModernEgypt%2C_Muhammad_Ali_by_Auguste_Couder%2C_BAP_17996.jpg\/400px-ModernEgypt%2C_Muhammad_Ali_by_Auguste_Couder%2C_BAP_17996.jpg 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"200\" height=\"253\" data-file-width=\"4638\" data-file-height=\"5862\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 (1769-1849).<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%85.PNG&amp;filetimestamp=20170618051412&amp;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/ar\/8\/8c\/%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%85.PNG\" alt=\"\" width=\"220\" height=\"177\" data-file-width=\"220\" data-file-height=\"177\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p>\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:IbrahimBaja.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/55\/IbrahimBaja.jpg\/150px-IbrahimBaja.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/55\/IbrahimBaja.jpg\/225px-IbrahimBaja.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/5\/55\/IbrahimBaja.jpg\/300px-IbrahimBaja.jpg 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"215\" data-file-width=\"1115\" data-file-height=\"1600\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p>\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Abbas_I1.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/08\/Abbas_I1.png\/150px-Abbas_I1.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/08\/Abbas_I1.png\/225px-Abbas_I1.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/08\/Abbas_I1.png\/300px-Abbas_I1.png 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"216\" data-file-width=\"320\" data-file-height=\"460\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p>\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Muhammad_Said_Pascha_1855_Nadar.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/1a\/Muhammad_Said_Pascha_1855_Nadar.jpg\/150px-Muhammad_Said_Pascha_1855_Nadar.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/1a\/Muhammad_Said_Pascha_1855_Nadar.jpg\/225px-Muhammad_Said_Pascha_1855_Nadar.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/1a\/Muhammad_Said_Pascha_1855_Nadar.jpg\/300px-Muhammad_Said_Pascha_1855_Nadar.jpg 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"217\" data-file-width=\"2766\" data-file-height=\"4000\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p><b>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Ismail_Pacha.JPG\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/7a\/Ismail_Pacha.JPG\/150px-Ismail_Pacha.JPG\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/7a\/Ismail_Pacha.JPG\/225px-Ismail_Pacha.JPG 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/7\/7a\/Ismail_Pacha.JPG 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"247\" data-file-width=\"273\" data-file-height=\"450\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:MohamedTewfik.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d9\/MohamedTewfik.jpg\/150px-MohamedTewfik.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d9\/MohamedTewfik.jpg\/225px-MohamedTewfik.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d9\/MohamedTewfik.jpg\/300px-MohamedTewfik.jpg 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"186\" data-file-width=\"323\" data-file-height=\"400\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Abbas_Hilmi_II.JPG\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/17\/Abbas_Hilmi_II.JPG\/150px-Abbas_Hilmi_II.JPG\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/17\/Abbas_Hilmi_II.JPG\/225px-Abbas_Hilmi_II.JPG 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/17\/Abbas_Hilmi_II.JPG\/300px-Abbas_Hilmi_II.JPG 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"213\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"1706\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0649 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0649 (1874 &#8211; 1944)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:HusseinKamelSultan.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/80\/HusseinKamelSultan.jpg\/150px-HusseinKamelSultan.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/80\/HusseinKamelSultan.jpg\/225px-HusseinKamelSultan.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/8\/80\/HusseinKamelSultan.jpg\/300px-HusseinKamelSultan.jpg 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"222\" data-file-width=\"400\" data-file-height=\"593\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Fuad_I_of_Egypt.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/45\/Fuad_I_of_Egypt.jpg\/150px-Fuad_I_of_Egypt.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/45\/Fuad_I_of_Egypt.jpg\/225px-Fuad_I_of_Egypt.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/45\/Fuad_I_of_Egypt.jpg\/300px-Fuad_I_of_Egypt.jpg 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"210\" data-file-width=\"645\" data-file-height=\"901\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Princess_Shuvekar.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/9\/90\/Princess_Shuvekar.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"121\" height=\"173\" data-file-width=\"121\" data-file-height=\"173\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0648\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Nazli_Sabri.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/21\/Nazli_Sabri.jpg\/150px-Nazli_Sabri.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/21\/Nazli_Sabri.jpg 1.5x\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"220\" data-file-width=\"205\" data-file-height=\"300\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Kingfarouk1948.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/20\/Kingfarouk1948.jpg\/170px-Kingfarouk1948.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/20\/Kingfarouk1948.jpg\/255px-Kingfarouk1948.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/2\/20\/Kingfarouk1948.jpg 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"170\" height=\"257\" data-file-width=\"318\" data-file-height=\"480\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u00a0<a title=\"\u0645\u0635\u0631\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1\">\u0645\u0635\u0631<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\">\n<p><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:ModernEgypt,_Queen_Nariman,_DHP13655-18-9_01.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/e3\/ModernEgypt%2C_Queen_Nariman%2C_DHP13655-18-9_01.jpg\/150px-ModernEgypt%2C_Queen_Nariman%2C_DHP13655-18-9_01.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/e3\/ModernEgypt%2C_Queen_Nariman%2C_DHP13655-18-9_01.jpg\/225px-ModernEgypt%2C_Queen_Nariman%2C_DHP13655-18-9_01.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/e3\/ModernEgypt%2C_Queen_Nariman%2C_DHP13655-18-9_01.jpg\/300px-ModernEgypt%2C_Queen_Nariman%2C_DHP13655-18-9_01.jpg 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"150\" height=\"230\" data-file-width=\"1068\" data-file-height=\"1636\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1951<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><b>\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/b><\/p>\n<div id=\"toc\" class=\"toc\" role=\"navigation\" aria-labelledby=\"mw-toc-heading\">\n<p><input id=\"toctogglecheckbox\" class=\"toctogglecheckbox\" role=\"button\" type=\"checkbox\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"toctitle\" dir=\"rtl\" lang=\"ar\">\n<h2 id=\"mw-toc-heading\">\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AD%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7#%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">1<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AD%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7#%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-3\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AD%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7#%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-4\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AD%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7#%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-5\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AD%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7#%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">5<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">\u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-6\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AD%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7#%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%89_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">6<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-7\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AD%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7#%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">7<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-8\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AD%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7#%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">8<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-9\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AD%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7#%D9%81%D8%A4%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">9<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">\u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-10\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AD%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7#%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">10<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-11\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AD%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7#%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D9%81%D8%A4%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">11<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-12\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AD%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7#%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1_%D8%A3%D9%8A%D8%B6%D9%8B%D8%A7\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">12<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span id=\".D9.85.D8.AD.D9.85.D8.AF_.D8.B9.D9.84.D9.8A_.D8.A8.D8.A7.D8.B4.D8.A7_.D8.A7.D9.84.D9.83.D8.A8.D9.8A.D8.B1\"><\/span><span id=\"\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f_\u0639\u0644\u064a_\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627_\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\" class=\"mw-headline\">\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[<\/span><a title=\"\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AD%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1\">\u0639\u062f\u0644<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"rellink hlist\">\n<ul>\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/61\/Crystal_Clear_app_kdict.png\/18px-Crystal_Clear_app_kdict.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/61\/Crystal_Clear_app_kdict.png\/27px-Crystal_Clear_app_kdict.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/61\/Crystal_Clear_app_kdict.png\/36px-Crystal_Clear_app_kdict.png 2x\" alt=\"Crystal Clear app kdict.png\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" data-file-width=\"128\" data-file-height=\"128\" \/>\u2002<b>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629<\/b>:\u00a0<a title=\"\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7\">\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0632\u0648\u062c\u062a\u0627\u0646:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649:\u00a0<b>\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0645<\/b>\u00a0\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0635\u0631\u062a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u060c \u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u062e\u0645\u0633 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0647\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0645.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629:\u00a0<b>\u0645\u0627\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0645<\/b>\u00a0\u0623\u0648\u00a0<b>\u0642\u0645\u0634 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/b>\u00a0\u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0645:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0623\u0645 \u0646\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0643.<\/li>\n<li>\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0643.<\/li>\n<li>\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0634 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0643.<\/li>\n<li>\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0645.<\/li>\n<li>\u0632\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u062e\u062f\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631.<\/li>\n<li>\u0634\u0645\u0633 \u0635\u0641\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0645.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u0634\u0645\u0639 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0632\u064a\u0646\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0645.<\/li>\n<li>\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0643\u0644\u0641\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u0645\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0644\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062b\u0627\u0626\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0641\u0638\u062a \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0646\u060c \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0645 \u062d\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0645 \u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0645\u0649 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0634\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0632\u0644\u064a\u062e\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0645\u060c \u0648\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0623\u0633\u0645 \u0632\u064a\u0646\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f: \u0632\u0648\u062c\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u064827 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0629\u060c ( \u0648\u0627\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0641\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u0646 27 ) \u060c \u064830 \u0648\u0644\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 17 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627 \u064813 \u0628\u0646\u062a\u0627.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\".D8.A5.D8.A8.D8.B1.D8.A7.D9.87.D9.8A.D9.85_.D8.A8.D8.A7.D8.B4.D8.A7\"><\/span><span id=\"\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645_\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\" class=\"mw-headline\"><a class=\"mw-disambig\" title=\"\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 (\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d)\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7_(%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%AD)\">\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627<\/a><\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[<\/span><a title=\"\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645: \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AD%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2\">\u0639\u062f\u0644<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>\u062e\u062f\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u062c\u064a \u0642\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/b>\u00a0\u0648\u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0643.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/b>\u00a0\u0648\u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u062e\u0648\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/b>\u00a0\u0648\u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u0623\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0642\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/b>\u00a0\u0648\u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0647\u062c\u062a.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u0643\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/b>\u00a0\u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/b>\u00a0\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0623\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1829 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1832 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0641\u0646\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0632\u0642\u062a\u0627 \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0644\u0632\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u0627.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\".D8.B9.D8.A8.D8.A7.D8.B3_.D8.AD.D9.84.D9.85.D9.8A_.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.A3.D9.88.D9.84\"><\/span><span id=\"\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633_\u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a_\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\" class=\"mw-headline\"><a title=\"\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84\">\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/a><\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[<\/span><a title=\"\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645: \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AD%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3\">\u0639\u062f\u0644<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627\u00a0<b>\u0628\u0627\u0645\u0628\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0646<\/b>\u00a0\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0641\u0647\u0645:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0648\u0634 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/b>\u00a0\u0648\u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u0634\u0627\u0632\u062f\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/b>\u00a0\u0648\u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0648\u0627\u0621.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u0647\u0648\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/b>\u00a0\u0648\u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0634\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u0647\u0645\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/b>\u00a0\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f<\/li>\n<li><b>\u0628\u0631\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0645<\/b>\u00a0.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span id=\".D9.85.D8.AD.D9.85.D8.AF_.D8.B3.D8.B9.D9.8A.D8.AF_.D8.A8.D8.A7.D8.B4.D8.A7\"><\/span><span id=\"\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f_\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f_\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\" class=\"mw-headline\"><a title=\"\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF\">\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627<\/a><\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[<\/span><a title=\"\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645: \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AD%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4\">\u0639\u062f\u0644<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>\u0627\u0646\u062c\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0645<\/b>\u00a0\u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0631\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0645<\/b>\u00a0\u0648\u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u00a0<a title=\"\u0637\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7\">\u0637\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span id=\".D8.A5.D8.B3.D9.85.D8.A7.D8.B9.D9.8A.D9.84_.D8.A8.D8.A7.D8.B4.D8.A7\"><\/span><span id=\"\u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644_\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\" class=\"mw-headline\"><a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84\">\u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627<\/a><\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[<\/span><a title=\"\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645: \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AD%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5\">\u0639\u062f\u0644<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062a\u0647:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><b>\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0645<\/b>\u00a0\u0648\u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u0634\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0645<\/b>\u00a0\u0648\u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0645<\/b>\u00a0\u0648\u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0645<\/b>\u00a0\u0648\u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0645<\/b>\u00a0\u0648\u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0632\u064a\u0646\u0628 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0645.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u062c\u064a\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/b>\u00a0\u0648\u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u0634\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0641\u0632\u0627 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0645<\/b>\u00a0\u0648\u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/b>\u00a0\u0648\u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u0646\u0634\u0626\u0629 \u062f\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/b>\u00a0\u0648\u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u0628\u0632\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645<\/b>\u00a0.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u062c\u0634\u0645 \u0622\u0641\u062a \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0645<\/b>\u00a0.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u062d\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/b>\u00a0\u0648\u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u0641\u0644\u0643 \u0646\u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/b>\u00a0\u0648\u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0643.<\/li>\n<li><b>\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/b>\u00a0\u0648\u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span id=\".D8.A7.D9.84.D8.AE.D8.AF.D9.8A.D9.88.D9.89_.D9.85.D8.AD.D9.85.D8.AF_.D8.AA.D9.88.D9.81.D9.8A.D9.82\"><\/span><span id=\"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0649_\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f_\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642\" class=\"mw-headline\"><a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642<\/a><\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[<\/span><a title=\"\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AD%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6\">\u0639\u062f\u0644<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0632\u0648\u062c\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0647\u064a \u0633\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629\u00a0<b>\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/b>\u00a0\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647:<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0645<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u062f\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0645<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span id=\".D8.B9.D8.A8.D8.A7.D8.B3_.D8.AD.D9.84.D9.85.D9.8A_.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.AB.D8.A7.D9.86.D9.8A\"><\/span><span id=\"\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633_\u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a_\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\" class=\"mw-headline\"><a title=\"\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\">\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/a><\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[<\/span><a title=\"\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645: \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AD%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7\">\u0639\u062f\u0644<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649:\u00a0<b>\u0625\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0645<\/b>\u00a0\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0645:\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0645\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B9%D9%85\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639\u0645<\/a>\u00a0\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0634\u0648\u0643\u062a.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629:\u00a0<b><a title=\"\u062c\u0627\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0645\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%85\">\u062c\u0627\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0645<\/a><\/b>\u00a0\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u062a\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a 28 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1910 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u062d\u0636\u0648\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0643 \u0634\u0648\u0642\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u0649\u060c \u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a 7 \u0627\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1913 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0623\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0634\u0631\u0639\u0649 \u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0628\u0643\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0641\u0649 \u0645\u0641\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0628\u060c \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 ( \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0649 \u062a\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0643 ) \u060c \u0648\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0642\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0645\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0645\u064a\u062a ( \u062c\u0627\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 ) .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span id=\".D8.A7.D9.84.D8.B3.D9.84.D8.B7.D8.A7.D9.86_.D8.AD.D8.B3.D9.8A.D9.86_.D9.83.D8.A7.D9.85.D9.84\"><\/span><span id=\"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646_\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646_\u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\" class=\"mw-headline\"><a class=\"mw-disambig\" title=\"\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 (\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d)\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84_(%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%AD)\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/a><\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[<\/span><a title=\"\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AD%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8\">\u0639\u062f\u0644<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649: \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629\u00a0<b>\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f<\/b>\u00a0\u0648\u0647\u064a \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0631\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627:<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646<\/a>\u00a0\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629:\u00a0<b><a title=\"\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83_%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0643 \u062c\u0634\u0645 \u0622\u0641\u062a<\/a><\/b>\u00a0\u0648\u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u064a\u062d\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u064a\u0639\u0629.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span id=\".D9.81.D8.A4.D8.A7.D8.AF_.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.A3.D9.88.D9.84\"><\/span><span id=\"\u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f_\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\" class=\"mw-headline\"><a title=\"\u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%81%D8%A4%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84\">\u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/a><\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[<\/span><a title=\"\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645: \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AD%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9\">\u0639\u062f\u0644<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649:\u00a0<b><a title=\"\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631 (\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629)\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1_(%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9)\">\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631 (\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629)<\/a><\/b>\u00a0\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0649 \u0637\u0644\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1898 \u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u062e\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0649 \u0641\u064a 7 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1898 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627:\u00a0<a title=\"\u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%A4%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u00a0<a title=\"\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A\">\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0648\u0644\u064a<\/a>\u00a0\u0628\u0623\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1896 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u0649 \u0641\u064a\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u00a0\u0641\u064a 6 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1897 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u062f\u0641\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%81%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AA_%D9%81%D8%A4%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0648\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u062a\u0648\u0644\u062f\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0631\u0627\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u0627\u0621 6 \u0623\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1897 \u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0641\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0641\u064a 12 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1919 \u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0648\u0641\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0646\u0629 1974 .<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629:\u00a0<b><a title=\"\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u0649<\/a><\/b>\u00a0\u0648\u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647:<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84\">\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"\u0641\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AA_%D9%81%D8%A4%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84\">\u0641\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%81%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AA_%D9%81%D8%A4%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84\">\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AA_%D9%81%D8%A4%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84\">\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a title=\"\u0641\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AA_%D9%81%D8%A4%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84\">\u0641\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span id=\".D9.81.D8.A7.D8.B1.D9.88.D9.82_.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.A3.D9.88.D9.84\"><\/span><span id=\"\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642_\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\" class=\"mw-headline\"><a title=\"\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84\">\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/a><\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[<\/span><a title=\"\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645: \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AD%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10\">\u0639\u062f\u0644<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1938\u00a0<b><a title=\"\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629<\/a><\/b>\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0646\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0647\u0646\u00a0<a title=\"\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AA_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0644<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"\u0641\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AA_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84\">\u0648\u0641\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"\u0641\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AA_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84\">\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1951\u00a0<b><a title=\"\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9\">\u0646\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629<\/a><\/b>\u00a0\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span id=\".D8.A3.D8.AD.D9.85.D8.AF_.D9.81.D8.A4.D8.A7.D8.AF_.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.AB.D8.A7.D9.86.D9.8A\"><\/span><span id=\"\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f_\u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f_\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\" class=\"mw-headline\"><a title=\"\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D9%81%D8%A4%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\">\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/a><\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[<\/span><a title=\"\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645: \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AD%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11\">\u0639\u062f\u0644<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0632\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646\u00a0<b>\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0629 ( \u062f\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0643 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0628\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631 )<\/b>\u00a0\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u064a\u0647\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0635\u0628\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0633\u0646\u0629 2001\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0632\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0646:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a (\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631)\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_(%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1)\">\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a<\/a>\u00a0(1980).<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641\u0629 (1982).<\/li>\n<li>\u0641\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 (1987).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span id=\".D8.A7.D9.86.D8.B8.D8.B1_.D8.A3.D9.8A.D8.B6.D9.8B.D8.A7\"><\/span><span id=\"\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631_\u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627\" class=\"mw-headline\">\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[<\/span><a title=\"\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645: \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AD%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12\">\u0639\u062f\u0644<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"\u0634\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B4%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A9\">\u0634\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<table class=\"navbox\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\n<table id=\"collapsibleTable0\" class=\"nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-title\" colspan=\"3\" scope=\"col\"><span class=\"collapseButton\"><a id=\"collapseButton0\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%AD%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7#\">\u02c5<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"plainlinks hlist navbar mini\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"nv-\u0639\u0631\u0636\"><a title=\"\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628:\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9\"><abbr title=\"\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628\">\u0639<\/abbr><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"nv-\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\"><a title=\"\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628:\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%86%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9\"><abbr title=\"\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628\">\u0646<\/abbr><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"nv-\u0639\u062f\u0644\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9&amp;action=edit\"><abbr title=\"\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628\">\u062a<\/abbr><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div><a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u00a0(<a title=\"1805\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1805\">1805<\/a><a title=\"1953\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1953\">\u20131953<\/a>)<\/div>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"navbox-abovebelow\" colspan=\"3\">\n<div><a title=\"\u0634\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B4%D8%AC%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A9\">\u0634\u062c\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629<\/a><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\"><a title=\"\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%AD%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643<\/a><\/th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\">\n<div><a title=\"\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b4\/Symbol_star_gold.svg\/10px-Symbol_star_gold.svg.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b4\/Symbol_star_gold.svg\/15px-Symbol_star_gold.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b4\/Symbol_star_gold.svg\/20px-Symbol_star_gold.svg.png 2x\" alt=\"\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629\" width=\"10\" height=\"10\" data-file-width=\"180\" data-file-height=\"185\" \/><\/a>\u00a0\u00a0<a title=\"\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7\">\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a<\/a>\u00a0<b>\u00b7<\/b>\u00a0<a title=\"\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7\">\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627<\/a>\u00a0<b>\u00b7<\/b>\u00a0<a title=\"\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84\">\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/a>\u00a0<b>\u00b7<\/b>\u00a0<a title=\"\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7\">\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f<\/a>\u00a0<b>\u00b7<\/b>\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84\">\u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644<\/a>\u00a0<b>\u00b7<\/b>\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82\">\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642<\/a>\u00a0<b>\u00b7<\/b>\u00a0<a title=\"\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\">\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/a>\u00a0<b>\u00b7<\/b>\u00a0<a title=\"\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 (\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646)\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84_(%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86)\">\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/a>\u00a0<b>\u00b7<\/b>\u00a0<a title=\"\u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%81%D8%A4%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84\">\u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/a>\u00a0<b>\u00b7<\/b>\u00a0<a title=\"\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84\">\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/a>\u00a0<b>\u00b7<\/b>\u00a0<a title=\"\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D9%81%D8%A4%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\">\u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/a><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<td class=\"navbox-image\" rowspan=\"9\">\n<div><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/cb\/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Egyptian_Kingdom.JPG\/90px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Egyptian_Kingdom.JPG\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/cb\/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Egyptian_Kingdom.JPG\/135px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Egyptian_Kingdom.JPG 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/c\/cb\/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Egyptian_Kingdom.JPG\/180px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Egyptian_Kingdom.JPG 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"90\" height=\"107\" data-file-width=\"387\" data-file-height=\"462\" \/><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\"><a class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a<\/a><\/th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\">\n<div><a title=\"\u062c\u0627\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0645\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%85\">\u062c\u0627\u0648\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0645<\/a>\u00a0<b>\u00b7<\/b>\u00a0<a title=\"\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83_%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86\">\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646<\/a>\u00a0<b>\u00b7<\/b>\u00a0<a title=\"\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9\">\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a \u0635\u0628\u0631\u064a<\/a>\u00a0<b>\u00b7<\/b>\u00a0<a title=\"\u0641\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9\">\u0635\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0646\u0627\u0632 \u0630\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0631<\/a>\u00a0<b>\u00b7<\/b>\u00a0<a title=\"\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D9%85%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%AE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b4\/Symbol_star_gold.svg\/10px-Symbol_star_gold.svg.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b4\/Symbol_star_gold.svg\/15px-Symbol_star_gold.svg.png 1.5x, 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href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D9%81%D8%A4%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\">\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f<\/a><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\">\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621<\/th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list navbox-even\">\n<div><a title=\"\u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%B4%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%86\">\u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0634\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0<b>\u00b7<\/b>\u00a0<a title=\"\u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84_%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7\">\u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 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href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7\">\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0<b>\u00b7<\/b>\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86\">\u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0<b>\u00b7<\/b>\u00a0<a title=\"\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0646 (\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631)\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86_(%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1)\">\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062d\u0633\u0646<\/a><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th class=\"navbox-group\" scope=\"row\">\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<td class=\"navbox-list navbox-odd\">\n<div><a title=\"\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631 (\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629)\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B4%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1_(%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9)\">\u0634\u0648\u064a\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0646\u0645<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0<b>\u00b7<\/b>\u00a0<a title=\"\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%84%D9%8A_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%84\">\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644<\/a>\u00a0<b>\u00b7<\/b>\u00a0<a title=\"\u0641\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AA_%D9%81%D8%A4%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84\">\u0641\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0<b>\u00b7<\/b>\u00a0<a title=\"\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AA_%D9%81%D8%A4%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84\">\u0641\u0627\u0626\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0<b>\u00b7<\/b>\u00a0<a title=\"\u0641\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AA_%D9%81%D8%A4%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84\">\u0641\u062a\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062a 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href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AA_%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84\">\u0641\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642<\/a><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"navbox-abovebelow\" colspan=\"3\">\n<div><a class=\"new\" title=\"\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641:\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629)\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641<\/a>\u00a0<b>\u00b7<\/b>\u00a0<a class=\"extiw\" title=\"commons:Category:Muhammad Ali Dynasty\" href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/Category:Muhammad_Ali_Dynasty\">\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0632<\/a><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<ul id=\"bandeau-portail\" class=\"bandeau-portail \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\">\n<li class=\"bandeau-portail-element\"><span class=\"bandeau-portail-icone\"><a title=\"\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629:\u0645\u0635\u0631\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9:%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"noviewer\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/97\/Nuvola_Egyptian_flag.svg\/28px-Nuvola_Egyptian_flag.svg.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/97\/Nuvola_Egyptian_flag.svg\/42px-Nuvola_Egyptian_flag.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/9\/97\/Nuvola_Egyptian_flag.svg\/56px-Nuvola_Egyptian_flag.svg.png 2x\" alt=\"\u0623\u064a\u0642\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629\" width=\"28\" height=\"28\" data-file-width=\"60\" data-file-height=\"60\" \/><\/a><\/span><span class=\"bandeau-portail-texte\"><a title=\"\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629:\u0645\u0635\u0631\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9:%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1\">\u0628\u0648\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631<\/a><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div id=\"catlinks\" class=\"catlinks\" data-mw=\"interface\">\n<div id=\"mw-normal-catlinks\" class=\"mw-normal-catlinks\">\n<p><a title=\"\u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0627:\u062a\u0635\u0641\u062d\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%AD\">\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"\u062a\u0635\u0646\u064a\u0641:\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81:%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%83%D9%85%D8%A9\">\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"visualClear\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"mw-data-after-content\">\n<div class=\"read-more-container\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"mw-navigation\">\n<h2>\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0641\u062d<\/h2>\n<div id=\"mw-head\">\n<div id=\"p-personal\" class=\"\" role=\"navigation\" aria-labelledby=\"p-personal-label\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0632\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a \u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0627\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0647\u0646\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0642\u0635\u0647\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631. \u064a\u0631\u062c\u0649 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u00a0\u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062b\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0647\u0627. \u0623\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u063a\u064a\u0631\u00a0\u0645\u0648\u062b\u0642\u0629\u00a0\u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0643 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0627. (\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 2016) \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 (1769-1849). \u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0631\u0644\u064a \u0648\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0649 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0649 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4026,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,51],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/noossocial.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4023"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/noossocial.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/noossocial.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/noossocial.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/noossocial.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4023"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/noossocial.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4023\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":22867,"href":"https:\/\/noossocial.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4023\/revisions\/22867"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/noossocial.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/4026"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/noossocial.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4023"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/noossocial.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4023"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/noossocial.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4023"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}