{"id":3988,"date":"2020-05-03T19:57:58","date_gmt":"2020-05-03T19:57:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/noossocial.com\/?p=3988"},"modified":"2020-05-03T19:57:58","modified_gmt":"2020-05-03T19:57:58","slug":"%d8%aa%d9%82%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%b1-%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b3-%d8%b3%d9%88%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%ae%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%88%d9%8a-%d9%85%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%af-%d8%aa%d9%88%d9%81%d9%8a%d9%82-%d8%a7%d9%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/noossocial.com\/?p=3988","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0646\u0648\u0633 \u0633\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0644:\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0631"},"content":{"rendered":"<h1 id=\"firstHeading\" class=\"firstHeading\" lang=\"ar\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0635<\/h1>\n<div id=\"bodyContent\" class=\"mw-body-content\">\n<div id=\"mw-content-text\" class=\"mw-content-rtl\" dir=\"rtl\" lang=\"ar\">\n<div class=\"mw-parser-output\">\n<div class=\"\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649\">\n<div class=\"\u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<table class=\"infobox infobox_v2\" cellspacing=\"3px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th class=\"entete humain\" colspan=\"2\" scope=\"col\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"2\" scope=\"col\">\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a\u00a0<a title=\"\u0645\u0635\u0631\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1\">\u0645\u0635\u0631<\/a><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" align=\"center\">\n<div>\n<div class=\"center\">\n<div class=\"floatnone\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Khedive_Tewfik_(1906)_-_TIMEA.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/7e\/Khedive_Tewfik_%281906%29_-_TIMEA.jpg\/210px-Khedive_Tewfik_%281906%29_-_TIMEA.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/7e\/Khedive_Tewfik_%281906%29_-_TIMEA.jpg\/315px-Khedive_Tewfik_%281906%29_-_TIMEA.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/7\/7e\/Khedive_Tewfik_%281906%29_-_TIMEA.jpg\/420px-Khedive_Tewfik_%281906%29_-_TIMEA.jpg 2x\" alt=\"Khedive Tewfik (1906) - TIMEA.jpg\" width=\"210\" height=\"326\" data-file-width=\"580\" data-file-height=\"900\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div><small>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642<\/small><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<hr \/>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/th>\n<td><a title=\"26 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/26_%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88\">26 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"1879\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1879\">1879<\/a>\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0<a title=\"7 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/7_%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1\">7 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"1892\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1892\">1892<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\" align=\"center\">\n<table cellspacing=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td width=\"50%\">\n<table cellspacing=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td align=\"right\" width=\"20\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/6f\/Fleche-defaut-droite.png\" alt=\"Fleche-defaut-droite.png\" width=\"13\" height=\"27\" data-file-width=\"13\" data-file-height=\"27\" \/><\/td>\n<td><a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<td width=\"50%\">\n<table cellspacing=\"0\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><a title=\"\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/a><\/td>\n<td align=\"left\" width=\"20\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/64\/Fleche-defaut-gauche.png\" alt=\"Fleche-defaut-gauche.png\" width=\"13\" height=\"27\" data-file-width=\"13\" data-file-height=\"27\" \/><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"2\">\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f<\/th>\n<td><a title=\"15 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/15_%D9%86%D9%88%D9%81%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1\">15 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"1852\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1852\">1852<\/a><br \/>\n<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629<\/a>\u060c\u00a0<span class=\"flagicon\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbborder\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b0\/Ottoman_flag.svg\/23px-Ottoman_flag.svg.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b0\/Ottoman_flag.svg\/35px-Ottoman_flag.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/b0\/Ottoman_flag.svg\/45px-Ottoman_flag.svg.png 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"23\" height=\"15\" data-file-width=\"900\" data-file-height=\"600\" \/>\u00a0<\/span><a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629<\/th>\n<td><a title=\"7 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/7_%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1\">7 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"1892\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1892\">1892<\/a>\u00a0(39 \u0633\u0646\u0629)<br \/>\n<a title=\"\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86\">\u062d\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646<\/a>\u060c\u00a0<a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Flag_of_Muhammad_Ali.svg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/2d\/Flag_of_Muhammad_Ali.svg\/22px-Flag_of_Muhammad_Ali.svg.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/2d\/Flag_of_Muhammad_Ali.svg\/33px-Flag_of_Muhammad_Ali.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/2d\/Flag_of_Muhammad_Ali.svg\/44px-Flag_of_Muhammad_Ali.svg.png 2x\" alt=\"Flag of Muhammad Ali.svg\" width=\"22\" height=\"15\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"800\" \/><\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629<\/th>\n<td><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.svg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbborder\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/35\/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.svg\/20px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.svg.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/35\/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.svg\/30px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/35\/Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.svg\/40px-Flag_of_the_Ottoman_Empire.svg.png 2x\" alt=\"Flag of the Ottoman Empire.svg\" width=\"20\" height=\"13\" data-file-width=\"1200\" data-file-height=\"800\" \/><\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9\">\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u00a0<span class=\"noprint\">\u00a0<a title=\"\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 (P27) \u0641\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q374306#P27\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f4\/Twemoji_270f.svg\/13px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f4\/Twemoji_270f.svg\/20px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f4\/Twemoji_270f.svg\/26px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 2x\" alt=\"\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 (P27) \u0641\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"512\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629<\/th>\n<td><a title=\"\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A\">\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/a>\u00a0<span class=\"noprint\">\u00a0<a title=\"\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 (P26) \u0641\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q374306#P26\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f4\/Twemoji_270f.svg\/13px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f4\/Twemoji_270f.svg\/20px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f4\/Twemoji_270f.svg\/26px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 2x\" alt=\"\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 (P26) \u0641\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"512\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621<\/th>\n<td><a title=\"\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\">\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/a>\u060c \u00a0<a title=\"\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82\">\u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642<\/a>\u00a0<span class=\"noprint\">\u00a0<a title=\"\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 (P40) \u0641\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q374306#P40\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f4\/Twemoji_270f.svg\/13px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f4\/Twemoji_270f.svg\/20px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f4\/Twemoji_270f.svg\/26px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 2x\" alt=\"\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 (P40) \u0641\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"512\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\"><a title=\"\u0623\u0628\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A3%D8%A8\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628<\/a><\/th>\n<td><a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645<\/th>\n<td><a title=\"\u0634\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0645\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B4%D9%81%D9%82_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%85\">\u0634\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0645<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0627\u062a<\/th>\n<td>\n<div><a title=\"\u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%81%D8%A4%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84\">\u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/a>\u060c \u00a0<a title=\"\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 (\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646)\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84_(%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86)\">\u0648\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/a>\u00a0<span class=\"noprint\">\u00a0<a title=\"\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 (P3373) \u0641\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q374306#P3373\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f4\/Twemoji_270f.svg\/13px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f4\/Twemoji_270f.svg\/20px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f4\/Twemoji_270f.svg\/26px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 2x\" alt=\"\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 (P3373) \u0641\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"512\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\">\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629<\/th>\n<td><a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"2\" scope=\"col\">\u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th scope=\"row\"><a title=\"\u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D9%87%D9%86%D8%A9\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u0629<\/a><\/th>\n<td><a title=\"\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A\">\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a<\/a>\u00a0<span class=\"noprint\">\u00a0<a title=\"\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 (P106) \u0641\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q374306#P106\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f4\/Twemoji_270f.svg\/13px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f4\/Twemoji_270f.svg\/20px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f4\/Twemoji_270f.svg\/26px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 2x\" alt=\"\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 (P106) \u0641\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"512\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"2\" scope=\"col\">\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0632<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\">\n<div>\n<div class=\"floatright\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Gal%C3%B3_de_l%27Orde_del_Bany_(UK).svg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/20\/Gal%C3%B3_de_l%27Orde_del_Bany_%28UK%29.svg\/30px-Gal%C3%B3_de_l%27Orde_del_Bany_%28UK%29.svg.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/20\/Gal%C3%B3_de_l%27Orde_del_Bany_%28UK%29.svg\/45px-Gal%C3%B3_de_l%27Orde_del_Bany_%28UK%29.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/20\/Gal%C3%B3_de_l%27Orde_del_Bany_%28UK%29.svg\/60px-Gal%C3%B3_de_l%27Orde_del_Bany_%28UK%29.svg.png 2x\" alt=\"Gal\u00f3 de l'Orde del Bany (UK).svg\" width=\"30\" height=\"8\" data-file-width=\"218\" data-file-height=\"60\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<p>\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0644\u0631\u0647\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0645<\/p>\n<div class=\"floatright\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Legion_Honneur_GC_ribbon.svg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/ba\/Legion_Honneur_GC_ribbon.svg\/30px-Legion_Honneur_GC_ribbon.svg.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/ba\/Legion_Honneur_GC_ribbon.svg\/45px-Legion_Honneur_GC_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/b\/ba\/Legion_Honneur_GC_ribbon.svg\/60px-Legion_Honneur_GC_ribbon.svg.png 2x\" alt=\"Legion Honneur GC ribbon.svg\" width=\"30\" height=\"8\" data-file-width=\"218\" data-file-height=\"60\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<p>\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0644\u062c\u0648\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0641<\/p>\n<div class=\"floatright\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Order_of_Osmanieh_-_Ribbon_bar.svg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/06\/Order_of_Osmanieh_-_Ribbon_bar.svg\/30px-Order_of_Osmanieh_-_Ribbon_bar.svg.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/06\/Order_of_Osmanieh_-_Ribbon_bar.svg\/45px-Order_of_Osmanieh_-_Ribbon_bar.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/06\/Order_of_Osmanieh_-_Ribbon_bar.svg\/60px-Order_of_Osmanieh_-_Ribbon_bar.svg.png 2x\" alt=\"Order of Osmanieh - Ribbon bar.svg\" width=\"30\" height=\"8\" data-file-width=\"218\" data-file-height=\"60\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<p><a title=\"\u0646\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B9%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\">\u0646\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"floatright\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Order_of_the_Medjidie_-_Ribbon_bar.svg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/ea\/Order_of_the_Medjidie_-_Ribbon_bar.svg\/30px-Order_of_the_Medjidie_-_Ribbon_bar.svg.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/ea\/Order_of_the_Medjidie_-_Ribbon_bar.svg\/45px-Order_of_the_Medjidie_-_Ribbon_bar.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/e\/ea\/Order_of_the_Medjidie_-_Ribbon_bar.svg\/60px-Order_of_the_Medjidie_-_Ribbon_bar.svg.png 2x\" alt=\"Order of the Medjidie - Ribbon bar.svg\" width=\"30\" height=\"8\" data-file-width=\"218\" data-file-height=\"60\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<p><a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f\u064a<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"floatright\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Seraphimerorden_ribbon.svg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/2d\/Seraphimerorden_ribbon.svg\/30px-Seraphimerorden_ribbon.svg.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/2d\/Seraphimerorden_ribbon.svg\/45px-Seraphimerorden_ribbon.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/2\/2d\/Seraphimerorden_ribbon.svg\/60px-Seraphimerorden_ribbon.svg.png 2x\" alt=\"Seraphimerorden ribbon.svg\" width=\"30\" height=\"8\" data-file-width=\"218\" data-file-height=\"60\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<p><a title=\"\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0645\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%85\">\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0645<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"floatright\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:NLD_Order_of_the_Dutch_Lion_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a1\/NLD_Order_of_the_Dutch_Lion_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png\/30px-NLD_Order_of_the_Dutch_Lion_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a1\/NLD_Order_of_the_Dutch_Lion_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png\/45px-NLD_Order_of_the_Dutch_Lion_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/a\/a1\/NLD_Order_of_the_Dutch_Lion_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png\/60px-NLD_Order_of_the_Dutch_Lion_-_Grand_Cross_BAR.png 2x\" alt=\"NLD Order of the Dutch Lion - Grand Cross BAR.png\" width=\"30\" height=\"8\" data-file-width=\"218\" data-file-height=\"60\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<p>\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u062f \u0647\u0648\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0627<\/p>\n<div class=\"floatright\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Ord.Franz.Joseph-GC.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/10\/Ord.Franz.Joseph-GC.png\/30px-Ord.Franz.Joseph-GC.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/10\/Ord.Franz.Joseph-GC.png\/45px-Ord.Franz.Joseph-GC.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/1\/10\/Ord.Franz.Joseph-GC.png\/60px-Ord.Franz.Joseph-GC.png 2x\" alt=\"Ord.Franz.Joseph-GC.png\" width=\"30\" height=\"8\" data-file-width=\"218\" data-file-height=\"60\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<p>\u0648\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0638\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0632 \u062c\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0641\u00a0<span class=\"noprint\">\u00a0<a title=\"\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 (P166) \u0641\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/wiki\/Q374306#P166\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f4\/Twemoji_270f.svg\/13px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f4\/Twemoji_270f.svg\/20px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/f\/f4\/Twemoji_270f.svg\/26px-Twemoji_270f.svg.png 2x\" alt=\"\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0642\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u062e\u0627\u0635\u064a\u0629 (P166) \u0641\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a\" width=\"13\" height=\"13\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"512\" \/><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td colspan=\"2\"><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td class=\"navigation-only\" colspan=\"2\"><span class=\"plainlinks\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82&amp;action=edit&amp;section=0\">\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u064a<\/a>\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0<a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82&amp;veaction=edit\">\u062a\u0639\u062f\u064a\u0644<\/a><\/span>\u00a0<a title=\"\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:%D9%85%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/38\/Info_Simple.svg\/12px-Info_Simple.svg.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/38\/Info_Simple.svg\/18px-Info_Simple.svg.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/38\/Info_Simple.svg\/24px-Info_Simple.svg.png 2x\" alt=\"\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0639 \u062a\u0648\u062b\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628\" width=\"12\" height=\"12\" data-file-width=\"512\" data-file-height=\"512\" \/><\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><b>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642<\/b>\u00a0(<a title=\"15 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/15_%D9%86%D9%88%D9%81%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1\">15 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"1852\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1852\">1852<\/a>\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0<a title=\"7 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/7_%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1\">7 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"1892\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1892\">1892<\/a>)\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\u060c \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645\u00a0<a title=\"\u0645\u0635\u0631\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1\">\u0645\u0635\u0631<\/a>\u00a0\u0645\u0646\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629<\/a>.\u00a0 \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629\u00a0 \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 <a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646<\/a>\u00a0\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u00a0<a title=\"1879\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1879\">1879<\/a>&#8211;<a title=\"1892\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1892\">1892\u0645<\/a>.<sup id=\"cite_ref-2\" class=\"reference\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82#cite_note-2\">[2]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n<div id=\"toc\" class=\"toc\" role=\"navigation\" aria-labelledby=\"mw-toc-heading\"><input id=\"toctogglecheckbox\" class=\"toctogglecheckbox\" role=\"button\" type=\"checkbox\" \/><\/p>\n<div class=\"toctitle\" dir=\"rtl\" lang=\"ar\">\n<h2 id=\"mw-toc-heading\">\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u064a\u0627\u062a<\/h2>\n<p><label class=\"toctogglelabel\" for=\"toctogglecheckbox\"><\/label><\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-1\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82#%D8%B9%D9%86%D9%87\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">1<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">\u0639\u0646\u0647<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-2\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82#%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%87\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">2<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">\u0639\u0647\u062f\u0647<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-3\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82#%D8%AD%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%88%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85%D9%87\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-4\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82#%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84%D9%89\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.1<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-3 tocsection-5\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82#%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%87\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.1.1<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-6\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82#%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%85\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.2<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-7\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82#%D8%B1%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%87_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.3<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/a>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"toclevel-3 tocsection-8\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82#%D8%AD%D9%83%D9%88%D9%85%D8%AA%D9%87_2\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.3.1<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-9\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82#%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.4<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-2 tocsection-10\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82#%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">3.5<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">\u0642\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-11\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82#%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%8A_%D8%B4%D9%83%D9%84%D8%AA_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%B9%D9%87%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">4<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-12\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82#%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%87\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">5<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-13\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82#%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A3%D9%87%D9%85_%D8%A3%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%87\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">6<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-14\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82#%D9%88%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%87\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">7<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-15\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82#%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%87_%D9%88%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%87\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">8<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-16\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82#%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%B6_%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">9<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0635\u0648\u0631<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-17\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82#%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B8%D8%B1_%D8%A3%D9%8A%D8%B6%D9%8B%D8%A7\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">10<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<li class=\"toclevel-1 tocsection-18\"><a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82#%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AC%D8%B9\"><span class=\"tocnumber\">11<\/span><span class=\"toctext\">\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/span><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span id=\".D8.B9.D9.86.D9.87\"><\/span><span id=\"\u0639\u0646\u0647\" class=\"mw-headline\">\u0639\u0646\u0647<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[<\/span><a title=\"\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645: \u0639\u0646\u0647\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1\">\u0639\u062f\u0644<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0647\u0648 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0628\u0646\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84\">\u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644<\/a>\u00a0\u0628\u0646\u00a0<a class=\"mw-disambig\" title=\"\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 (\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d)\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7_(%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%AD)\">\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627<\/a>\u00a0\u0628\u0646\u00a0<a title=\"\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7\">\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84\">\u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644<\/a> \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062a\u0647 <a title=\"\u0634\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0645\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B4%D9%81%D9%82_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%85\">\u0634\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0645<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0643\u0646 \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u00a0<a title=\"\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7\">\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627<\/a>\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0641\u0633\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0632\u0644\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84\">\u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644<\/a>\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0623\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0648\u0625\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0644 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0647.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\".D8.B9.D9.87.D8.AF.D9.87\"><\/span><span id=\"\u0639\u0647\u062f\u0647\" class=\"mw-headline\">\u0639\u0647\u062f\u0647<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[<\/span><a title=\"\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645: \u0639\u0647\u062f\u0647\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2\">\u0639\u062f\u0644<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0639\u0647\u062f\u0647\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9\">\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u060c \u062b\u0645\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B7%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A8%D9%8A#%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0638\u064a \u0628\u062a\u0623\u064a\u064a\u062f\u0647. \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645\u00a0<a title=\"1884\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1884\">1884<\/a>\u00a0\u0633\u0642\u0637\u062a\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B1%D8%B7%D9%88%D9%85\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0637\u0648\u0645<\/a>\u00a0\u0641\u064a \u064a\u062f\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9\">\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u0642\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u00a0<a title=\"\u0645\u0635\u0631\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86\">\u0644\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0632 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u063a\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0646\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84%D8%B2_%D8%AC%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AC_%D8%BA%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%86\">\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0632 \u062c\u0648\u0631\u062c \u063a\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0648\u0646<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u0641\u0642\u062f\u062a\u00a0<a title=\"\u0645\u0635\u0631\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1\">\u0645\u0635\u0631<\/a>\u00a0\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631\u00a0<a title=\"1 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1_%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%88\">1 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"1883\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1883\">1883<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0627\u0647 \u0634\u0643\u0644\u00a0<a title=\"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86\">\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8:%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A&amp;action=edit\">\u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631<\/a><\/div>\n<div><a class=\"image\" title=\"\/\/ar.wikipedia.org{{localurl:\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628:\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Icons-mini-page_edit.gif\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/40\/Icons-mini-page_edit.gif\" alt=\"\/\/ar.wikipedia.org{{localurl:\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628:\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\" width=\"16\" height=\"16\" data-file-width=\"16\" data-file-height=\"16\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%AD%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%86_%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7\">\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0646<\/a>\u00a0<a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A\">\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a<\/a><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a title=\"\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/30\/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Egypt.png\/135px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Egypt.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/30\/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Egypt.png\/203px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Egypt.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/3\/30\/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Egypt.png\/270px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Kingdom_of_Egypt.png 2x\" alt=\"Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Egypt.png\" width=\"135\" height=\"176\" data-file-width=\"488\" data-file-height=\"637\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<table border=\"0\" cellspacing=\"0\" cellpadding=\"2\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<a title=\"\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7\">\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<a class=\"mw-disambig\" title=\"\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 (\u062a\u0648\u0636\u064a\u062d)\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7_(%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%AD)\">\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<a title=\"\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84\">\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<a title=\"\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7\">\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84\">\u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0648\u0646<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<a class=\"mw-selflink selflink\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<a title=\"\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0646<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<a title=\"\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 (\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646)\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%86_%D9%83%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84_(%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86)\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<a title=\"\u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%81%D8%A4%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0645\u0644\u0648\u0643<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<a title=\"\u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%81%D8%A4%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<a title=\"\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%82_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<a title=\"\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D9%81%D8%A4%D8%A7%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span id=\".D8.AD.D9.8A.D8.A7.D8.AA.D9.87_.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.B3.D9.8A.D8.A7.D8.B3.D9.8A.D8.A9_.D9.88.D9.81.D8.AA.D8.B1.D8.A9_.D8.AD.D9.83.D9.85.D9.87\"><\/span><span id=\"\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647_\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629_\u0648\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629_\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647\" class=\"mw-headline\">\u062d\u064a\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647<\/span><\/h2>\n<h3><span id=\".D8.B1.D8.A6.D8.A7.D8.B3.D8.AA.D9.87_.D8.A7.D9.84.D9.88.D8.B2.D8.A7.D8.B1.D8.A9_.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.A3.D9.88.D9.84.D9.89\"><\/span><span id=\"\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647_\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629_\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\" class=\"mw-headline\">\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647 (10 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1879 &#8211; 7 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1879)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062f\u0645 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0646\u00a0<a title=\"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8\">\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0636\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u062a \u0628\u0633\u0642\u0648\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649.<\/p>\n<h4><span id=\".D8.AD.D9.83.D9.88.D9.85.D8.AA.D9.87\"><\/span><span id=\"\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647\" class=\"mw-headline\">\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[<\/span><a title=\"\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645: \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5\">\u0639\u062f\u0644<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<table class=\"wikitable\">\n<caption>&#8220;\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 10 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1879 &#8211; 7 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1879&#8221;<\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0623\u0641\u0644\u0627\u0637\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a title=\"\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%81%D9%89_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B6_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7\">\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627<\/a><\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h3><span id=\".D8.AA.D9.88.D9.84.D9.8A.D9.87_.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.AD.D9.83.D9.85\"><\/span><span id=\"\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0647_\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\" class=\"mw-headline\">\u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0641\u064a\u00a0<a title=\"26 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/26_%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88\">26 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"1879\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1879\">1879<\/a>\u060c \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0636\u062e\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0647\u062f\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u064a\u0644 \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0648\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0623\u062c\u0628\u0631\u0648\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0646\u0635\u0628\u0647 \u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642.<\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 (7 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 1879 &#8211; 5 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1879)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0637\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0644\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a (5 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1879)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0637 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0636\u0649 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064b\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062d\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0645\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628\u060c \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0630\u0644\u0643\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u062f\u0649 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\".D8.B1.D8.A6.D8.A7.D8.B3.D8.AA.D9.87_.D8.A7.D9.84.D9.88.D8.B2.D8.A7.D8.B1.D8.A9_.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.AB.D8.A7.D9.86.D9.8A.D8.A9\"><\/span><span id=\"\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647_\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629_\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\" class=\"mw-headline\">\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062b\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0643\u0645\u0647 (18 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1879 &#8211; 21 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1879)\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n<h4><span id=\".D8.AD.D9.83.D9.88.D9.85.D8.AA.D9.87_2\"><\/span><span id=\"\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647_2\" class=\"mw-headline\">\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[<\/span><a title=\"\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645: \u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u062a\u0647\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8\">\u0639\u062f\u0644<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/h4>\n<table class=\"wikitable\">\n<caption>&#8220;\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u0646 18 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1879 &#8211; 21 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1879&#8221;<\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631<\/th>\n<th>\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0630\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u0642\u064a<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0639\u0644\u064a \u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0631\u0639\u0634\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u063a\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a title=\"\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A\">\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627<\/a><\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0641<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><a title=\"\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 (\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a)\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%81%D9%89_%D9%81%D9%87%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7_(%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A)\">\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627<\/a><\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0645\u0646\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627<\/td>\n<td>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Egyptian_Kingdom_2.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/c\/c0\/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Egyptian_Kingdom_2.png\" alt=\"Coat of arms of the Egyptian Kingdom 2.png\" width=\"107\" height=\"115\" data-file-width=\"107\" data-file-height=\"115\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u062d\u0635\u0629 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0627\u062d\u00a0<a title=\"\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%82%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%B3\">\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633<\/a>\u00a0(15%)\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0642\u062f\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u0642\u0649 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u062d\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0646\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u00a0<a title=\"\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%81%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\">\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u063a\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0626\u0646\u0648 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1880\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0644\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0630\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u0642\u064a \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629) \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0643\u0633\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u062c\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0647 \u0628\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0636\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0641\u0639\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629\u00a0<a title=\"\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%81%D9%89_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B6_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7\">\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636<\/a>\u00a0-\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631- \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 1881\u060c \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0632\u0644\u0647. \u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0631\u063a\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062f\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0624\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0636 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0636\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0621\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0645\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u0649\u00a0<a title=\"\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%82%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%86\">\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0632\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646\u00a0<a title=\"\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A\">\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\".D8.A7.D9.84.D8.AB.D9.88.D8.B1.D8.A9_.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.B9.D8.B1.D8.A7.D8.A8.D9.8A.D8.A9\"><\/span><span id=\"\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629_\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\" class=\"mw-headline\">\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[<\/span><a title=\"\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645: \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9\">\u0639\u062f\u0644<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rellink hlist\">\n<ul>\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/61\/Crystal_Clear_app_kdict.png\/18px-Crystal_Clear_app_kdict.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/61\/Crystal_Clear_app_kdict.png\/27px-Crystal_Clear_app_kdict.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/61\/Crystal_Clear_app_kdict.png\/36px-Crystal_Clear_app_kdict.png 2x\" alt=\"Crystal Clear app kdict.png\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" data-file-width=\"128\" data-file-height=\"128\" \/>\u2002<b>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629<\/b>:\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9\">\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_2.jpg&amp;filetimestamp=20131214234301&amp;\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/ar\/thumb\/f\/f1\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_2.jpg\/220px-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_2.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/ar\/thumb\/f\/f1\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_2.jpg\/330px-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_2.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/ar\/thumb\/f\/f1\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_2.jpg\/440px-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%A9_2.jpg 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"220\" height=\"143\" data-file-width=\"449\" data-file-height=\"292\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p>\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a \u064a\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646.<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0642\u0627\u0645\u00a0<a title=\"\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A3%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%8A\">\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a<\/a>\u00a0\u0628\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u00a0<a title=\"9 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/9_%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1\">9 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"1881\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1881\">1881<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0647: \u0639\u0632\u0644\u00a0<a title=\"\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%81%D9%89_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B6_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7\">\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0625\u0644\u0649 18 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u062c\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0628\u0639\u0632\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0641\u00a0<a title=\"\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7\">\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627<\/a>\u00a0\u0628\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u00a0<a title=\"14 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/14_%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1\">14 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"1881\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1881\">1881<\/a>\u060c \u0641\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0639 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u060c \u064a\u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u0627\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0639\u062f\u0627 \u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0648\u064a\u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0642 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u060c \u0628\u064a\u0646\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u060c \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0648\u0644\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0636\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644\u062a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u063a\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0639 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0641\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642\u00a0<a title=\"\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A\">\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a<\/a>\u00a0\u0628\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0639\u0646 \u0639\u0632\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0646.<\/p>\n<p>\u0623\u0631\u0633\u0644\u062a \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u0627 \u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 (25 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1882) \u062a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0641\u0647\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0641.<\/p>\n<p>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a \u0627\u062d\u062a\u062c\u0627\u062c\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0641\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0632\u0627\u0621 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u0647 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0625\u0628\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0632\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0624\u0647.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\".D9.82.D8.B5.D9.81_.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.A5.D8.B3.D9.83.D9.86.D8.AF.D8.B1.D9.8A.D8.A9\"><\/span><span id=\"\u0642\u0635\u0641_\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\" class=\"mw-headline\">\u0642\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"rellink hlist\">\n<ul>\n<li><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/61\/Crystal_Clear_app_kdict.png\/18px-Crystal_Clear_app_kdict.png\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/61\/Crystal_Clear_app_kdict.png\/27px-Crystal_Clear_app_kdict.png 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/61\/Crystal_Clear_app_kdict.png\/36px-Crystal_Clear_app_kdict.png 2x\" alt=\"Crystal Clear app kdict.png\" width=\"18\" height=\"18\" data-file-width=\"128\" data-file-height=\"128\" \/>\u2002<b>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0641\u0635\u0644\u0629<\/b>:\u00a0<a title=\"\u0642\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%82%D8%B5%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9\">\u0642\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b \u0628\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062b\u00a0<a title=\"\u0645\u0630\u0628\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%B0%D8%A8%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9\">\u0645\u0630\u0628\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u00a0(11 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 1882)\u060c \u0630\u0647\u0628 \u0636\u062d\u064a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0623\u0644\u0641\u062a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629\u00a0<a title=\"\u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u063a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%A8_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7\">\u0631\u0627\u063a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0638\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u0634\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062f\u0648\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0630\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0637\u0648\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a \u0628\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a 11 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1882. \u0648\u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0643\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0644\u0635\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0632\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632 \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0628\u0633 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064b\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0643\u0646\u0647 \u0644\u0645 \u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0648\u0639\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0632\u062d\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0632\u0644\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>\u0633\u0627\u0621\u062a \u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0643 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0639\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0646 \u0639\u0632\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637. \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062c\u0644\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a 14 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1882\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0636\u0637\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645.<\/p>\n<p>\u062a\u0645\u062e\u0636 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AA%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B7%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1\">\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062d\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631<\/a>\u00a0\u0639\u0627\u0645 1882\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u0634\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0628\u062d\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%87%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9\">\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u00a0\u0641\u064a\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86\">\u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646<\/a>\u00a0\u0639\u0627\u0645 1881 \u0648\u0636\u064a\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0631 (1884 &#8211; 1885).<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\".D8.A7.D9.84.D9.86.D8.B8.D8.A7.D8.B1.D8.A7.D8.AA_.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.AA.D9.8A_.D8.B4.D9.83.D9.84.D8.AA_.D9.81.D9.8A_.D8.B9.D9.87.D8.AF_.D8.A7.D9.84.D8.AE.D8.AF.D9.8A.D9.88.D9.8A_.D9.85.D8.AD.D9.85.D8.AF_.D8.AA.D9.88.D9.81.D9.8A.D9.82\"><\/span><span id=\"\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a_\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a_\u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a_\u0641\u064a_\u0639\u0647\u062f_\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a_\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f_\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642\" class=\"mw-headline\">\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:MohamedTewfik.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/d\/d9\/MohamedTewfik.jpg\/220px-MohamedTewfik.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/d9\/MohamedTewfik.jpg 1.5x\" alt=\"MohamedTewfik.jpg\" width=\"220\" height=\"272\" data-file-width=\"323\" data-file-height=\"400\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0634\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644 10 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0646 26 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648 1879 \u0625\u0644\u0649 8 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1892 \u0648\u0647\u064a:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0629\u00a0<a title=\"\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7\">\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (5 \u064a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0648 1879 \u2013 18 \u0627\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1879)<\/li>\n<li>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (18 \u0627\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 \u2013 21 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1879)<\/li>\n<li>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0629\u00a0<a title=\"\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%81%D9%89_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B6_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7\">\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 (21 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1879 \u2013 10 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1881)<\/li>\n<li>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0629\u00a0<a title=\"\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7\">\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0629 (14 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631 1881 \u2013 4 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 1882)<\/li>\n<li>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0629\u00a0<a title=\"\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AF_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D9%8A\">\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062f\u064a<\/a>\u00a0\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 (4 \u0641\u0628\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0631 1882 \u2013 26 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1882)<\/li>\n<li>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0629\u00a0<a title=\"\u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u063a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%A8_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7\">\u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0631\u0627\u063a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627<\/a>\u00a0(18 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0647 1882 \u2013 21 \u0627\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1882)<\/li>\n<li>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0629\u00a0<a title=\"\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7\">\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639\u0629 (21 \u0627\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 1882 \u2013 7 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1884)<\/li>\n<li>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0629\u00a0<a title=\"\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7\">\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (10 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1884 \u2013 9 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0647 1888)<\/li>\n<li>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0629\u00a0<a title=\"\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%81%D9%89_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B6_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7\">\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 (9 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0647 1888 \u2013 12 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1891)<\/li>\n<li>\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0631\u0629\u00a0<a title=\"\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 (\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a)\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%81%D9%89_%D9%81%D9%87%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7_(%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%8A)\">\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0641\u0647\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 (14 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1891 \u2013 17 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631 1892)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span id=\".D8.B2.D9.8A.D8.A7.D8.B1.D8.A7.D8.AA.D9.87\"><\/span><span id=\"\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\" class=\"mw-headline\">\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1881 \u0628\u0632\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629\u00a0<a title=\"\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF\">\u0628\u0648\u0631\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u062a\u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062d\u0648\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0631\u0623\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u0628\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0622\u062e\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u0647 \u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062d\u062a\u0641\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1882 \u0628\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u2013\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%AC%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82%D9%8A\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642\u0649<\/a>\u00a0&#8211;<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\".D9.85.D9.86_.D8.A3.D9.87.D9.85_.D8.A3.D8.B9.D9.85.D8.A7.D9.84.D9.87\"><\/span><span id=\"\u0645\u0646_\u0623\u0647\u0645_\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\" class=\"mw-headline\">\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647<\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:Cairo-Tawfik20Egypt20Zangaki.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/08\/Cairo-Tawfik20Egypt20Zangaki.jpg\/220px-Cairo-Tawfik20Egypt20Zangaki.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/08\/Cairo-Tawfik20Egypt20Zangaki.jpg\/330px-Cairo-Tawfik20Egypt20Zangaki.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/0\/08\/Cairo-Tawfik20Egypt20Zangaki.jpg 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"220\" height=\"383\" data-file-width=\"400\" data-file-height=\"697\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642<\/p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>\u064a\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0644\u063a\u0649 \u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0643\u062a\u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0627\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0644\u062f\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0644\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u062a\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u0630 \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u064b\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0642\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629. \u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645\u064b\u0627 \u0641\u064a 27 \u0645\u0627\u064a\u0648 1880 \u0628\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0634\u0626\u0648\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u062a\u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c \u0623\u0633\u0627\u062a\u0630\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0631\u062d\u062a \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0641\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0641\u062a\u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0626\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645. \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0641\u064a 28 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1881.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1883.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634 \u060c \u0648\u0623\u0631\u062f\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0644\u063a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062e\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u062c\u0646\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a>. \u0648\u0628\u062f\u0623 \u0628\u062d\u0641\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u0626\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1887\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1888. \u0648\u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u0646\u0637\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d 1887\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0647\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1890. \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0641\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0644\u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0643\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0645 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0636\u064a\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u062a\u062d\u062a\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0635\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0627\u0626\u062d\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0647\u0627.<\/li>\n<li>\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0626 \u0641\u064a \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0646\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0648\u0643 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0628\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0635\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0644\u064a (1887). \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u0647\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a \u0639\u0627\u0645 1881 \u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9\">\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9\">\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u062d\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1882 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0639 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0644\u0643. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0637\u062f\u062a \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629\u00a0<a title=\"\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9\">\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629\u00a0<a title=\"\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%83%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A9\">\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0643\u0646\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0643\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0644\u062a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644\u064a\u0629. \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u062a: \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0647\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0631 1880\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a 1880\u060c \u0648\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0642\u064a\u0631 1887 \u0644\u0631\u062f\u0645 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0628\u062d\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0642\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span id=\".D9.88.D9.81.D8.A7.D8.AA.D9.87\"><\/span><span id=\"\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647\" class=\"mw-headline\">\u0648\u0641\u0627\u062a\u0647<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0635\u0631 \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u00a0<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%A9\">\u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629<\/a>\u00a0\u0641\u064a\u00a0<a title=\"7 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/7_%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1\">7 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"1892\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1892\">1892<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\".D8.B2.D9.88.D8.AC.D8.A7.D8.AA.D9.87_.D9.88.D8.A3.D8.A8.D9.86.D8.A7.D8.A6.D9.87\"><\/span><span id=\"\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647_\u0648\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647\" class=\"mw-headline\">\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[<\/span><a title=\"\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645: \u0632\u0648\u062c\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15\">\u0639\u062f\u0644<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"thumb tleft\">\n<div class=\"thumbinner\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:ModernEgypt,_Khedive_Tawfiq,_DHP13401-1-2_01.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"thumbimage\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/49\/ModernEgypt%2C_Khedive_Tawfiq%2C_DHP13401-1-2_01.jpg\/220px-ModernEgypt%2C_Khedive_Tawfiq%2C_DHP13401-1-2_01.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/49\/ModernEgypt%2C_Khedive_Tawfiq%2C_DHP13401-1-2_01.jpg\/330px-ModernEgypt%2C_Khedive_Tawfiq%2C_DHP13401-1-2_01.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/4\/49\/ModernEgypt%2C_Khedive_Tawfiq%2C_DHP13401-1-2_01.jpg\/440px-ModernEgypt%2C_Khedive_Tawfiq%2C_DHP13401-1-2_01.jpg 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"220\" height=\"161\" data-file-width=\"1423\" data-file-height=\"1042\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"thumbcaption\">\n<div class=\"magnify\"><\/div>\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0647\u00a0<a class=\"new\" title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0639\u0645\u062a (\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629)\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%86%D8%B9%D9%85%D8%AA&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0639\u0645\u062a<\/a>\u00a0\u062b\u0645 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629\u00a0<a title=\"\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A\">\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0645\u0627\u00a0<a title=\"\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u00a0<a title=\"\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a<\/a>\u00a0\u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u062f\u064a\u062c\u0629<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u062a\u0632\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0628\u062a\u0647\u00a0<a title=\"\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A\">\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0628\u0646\u0629\u00a0<a title=\"\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A5%D8%A8%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7\">\u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627<\/a>\u00a0\u0627\u0628\u0646\u00a0<a title=\"\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84\">\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644<\/a>\u00a0\u0628\u0646\u00a0<a title=\"\u0637\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B7%D9%88%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7\">\u0623\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0637\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627<\/a>\u00a0\u0628\u0646\u00a0<a title=\"\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7\">\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627<\/a>\u00a0\u0648\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u00a0<a title=\"1873\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1873\">1873<\/a>\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\">\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u00a0<a title=\"\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82\">\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u0632\u0644\u064a \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0645.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u062e\u062f\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0647\u0627\u0646\u0645.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0646\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span id=\".D9.85.D8.B9.D8.B1.D8.B6_.D8.B5.D9.88.D8.B1\"><\/span><span id=\"\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636_\u0635\u0648\u0631\" class=\"mw-headline\">\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0635\u0648\u0631<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[<\/span><a title=\"\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645: \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0635\u0648\u0631\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16\">\u0639\u062f\u0644<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"reflist4\">\n<div>\n<ul class=\"gallery mw-gallery-traditional\">\n<li class=\"gallerybox\">\n<div>\n<div class=\"thumb\">\n<div><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:%D8%B6%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82_Khedive_Tewfik_Tomb.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/07\/%D8%B6%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82_Khedive_Tewfik_Tomb.jpg\/80px-%D8%B6%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82_Khedive_Tewfik_Tomb.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/07\/%D8%B6%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82_Khedive_Tewfik_Tomb.jpg\/120px-%D8%B6%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82_Khedive_Tewfik_Tomb.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/0\/07\/%D8%B6%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82_Khedive_Tewfik_Tomb.jpg\/160px-%D8%B6%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AD_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82_Khedive_Tewfik_Tomb.jpg 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"80\" height=\"120\" data-file-width=\"4020\" data-file-height=\"6036\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\">\n<p>\u0636\u0631\u064a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"gallerybox\">\n<div>\n<div class=\"thumb\">\n<div><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%81:ModernEgypt,_Khedive_Tawfiq,_DHP13401-1-1_01.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/64\/ModernEgypt%2C_Khedive_Tawfiq%2C_DHP13401-1-1_01.jpg\/82px-ModernEgypt%2C_Khedive_Tawfiq%2C_DHP13401-1-1_01.jpg\" srcset=\"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/64\/ModernEgypt%2C_Khedive_Tawfiq%2C_DHP13401-1-1_01.jpg\/123px-ModernEgypt%2C_Khedive_Tawfiq%2C_DHP13401-1-1_01.jpg 1.5x, \/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/thumb\/6\/64\/ModernEgypt%2C_Khedive_Tawfiq%2C_DHP13401-1-1_01.jpg\/164px-ModernEgypt%2C_Khedive_Tawfiq%2C_DHP13401-1-1_01.jpg 2x\" alt=\"\" width=\"82\" height=\"120\" data-file-width=\"616\" data-file-height=\"900\" \/><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"gallerytext\">\n<p>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0648\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0647\u00a0<a title=\"\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A9_%D8%A5%D9%84%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A\">\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span id=\".D8.A7.D9.86.D8.B8.D8.B1_.D8.A3.D9.8A.D8.B6.D9.8B.D8.A7\"><\/span><span id=\"\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631_\u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627\" class=\"mw-headline\">\u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[<\/span><a title=\"\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645: \u0627\u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0623\u064a\u0636\u064b\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17\">\u0639\u062f\u0644<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><a title=\"\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84\">\u062f\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0631 1882\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%AF%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1_1882\">\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0631 1882<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li><a title=\"\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%AC%D9%84%D8%B3_%D8%B4%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%86\">\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0646<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span id=\".D9.85.D8.B1.D8.A7.D8.AC.D8.B9\"><\/span><span id=\"\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\" class=\"mw-headline\">\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/span><span class=\"mw-editsection\"><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">[<\/span><a title=\"\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0633\u0645: \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18\">\u0639\u062f\u0644<\/a><span class=\"mw-editsection-bracket\">]<\/span><\/span><\/h2>\n<div class=\"reflist\">\n<ol class=\"references\">\n<li id=\"cite_note-1\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82#cite_ref-1\" aria-label=\"\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.grandorientarabe.org\/index.php?news&amp;nid=1\" rel=\"nofollow\">Tawfiq Pacha<\/a>sur\u00a0<i>grandorientarabe.org<\/i>\u00a0(en ligne).\u00a0<a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20170808233209\/http:\/\/www.grandorientarabe.org\/index.php?news&amp;nid=1\" rel=\"nofollow\">\u0646\u0633\u062e\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0641\u0648\u0638\u0629<\/a>\u00a008 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633 2017 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0642\u0639\u00a0<a title=\"\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%83_%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%8A%D9%86\">\u0648\u0627\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0643 \u0645\u0634\u064a\u0646<\/a>.<\/span><\/li>\n<li id=\"cite_note-2\"><span class=\"mw-cite-backlink\"><b><a title=\"\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%82#cite_ref-2\" aria-label=\"\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0641\u062d\u0629\">^<\/a><\/b><\/span>\u00a0<span class=\"reference-text\"><cite class=\"citation web\"><a class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20200405213742\/http:\/\/www.arageek.com\/bio\/khedive-of-egypt\" rel=\"nofollow\">&#8220;\u0643\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062f\/\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642&#8221;<\/a>.\u00a0<i>\u0623\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0643<\/i>. \u0645\u0624\u0631\u0634\u0641 \u0645\u0646\u00a0<a class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/www.arageek.com\/bio\/khedive-of-egypt\" rel=\"nofollow\">\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u0644<\/a>\u00a0\u0641\u064a 05 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2020<span class=\"reference-accessdate\">. \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0628\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e 05 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644 2020<\/span>.<\/cite><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<table class=\"wikitable succession-box\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"3\">\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"1\" align=\"center\" width=\"30%\">\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0647<br \/>\n<a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%8A_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84\">\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644<\/a><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"1\" width=\"40%\"><b><a title=\"\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a\u0629\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%D8%A9\">\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631<\/a><\/b><a title=\"26 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/26_%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%88\">26 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"1879\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1879\">1879<\/a>\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0<a title=\"7 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/7_%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1\">7 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"1892\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1892\">1892<\/a><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"1\">\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647<br \/>\n<a title=\"\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%AD%D9%84%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A\">\u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"1\" align=\"center\" width=\"30%\">\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0647<br \/>\n<a title=\"\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7\">\u0646\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627<\/a><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"1\" width=\"40%\"><b><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0635\u0631\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%B1%D8%A4%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1\">\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0635\u0631<\/a><br \/>\n(\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649)<\/b><a title=\"10 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/10_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B3\">10 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"1879\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1879\">1879<\/a>\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0<a title=\"7 \u0623\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/7_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%84\">7 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0644<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"1879\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1879\">1879<\/a><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"1\">\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647<br \/>\n<a title=\"\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7\">\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td rowspan=\"1\" align=\"center\" width=\"30%\">\u0633\u0628\u0642\u0647<br \/>\n<a title=\"\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF_%D8%B4%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7\">\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0634\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627<\/a><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"1\" width=\"40%\"><b><a class=\"mw-redirect\" title=\"\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0631\u0624\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0635\u0631\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%B1%D8%A4%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B1\">\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u0635\u0631<\/a><br \/>\n(\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629)<\/b><a title=\"18 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/18_%D8%A3%D8%BA%D8%B3%D8%B7%D8%B3\">18 \u0623\u063a\u0633\u0637\u0633<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"1879\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1879\">1879<\/a>\u00a0&#8211;\u00a0<a title=\"21 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/21_%D8%B3%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1\">21 \u0633\u0628\u062a\u0645\u0628\u0631<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"1879\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1879\">1879<\/a><\/td>\n<td rowspan=\"1\">\u062a\u0628\u0639\u0647<br \/>\n<a title=\"\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%B7%D9%81%D9%89_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%B6_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7\">\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627<\/a><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0645\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a\u00a0\u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0641\u062a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645 26 \u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0648\u00a01879\u00a0&#8211;\u00a07 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631\u00a01892 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0644\u0627\u062f 15 \u0646\u0648\u0641\u0645\u0628\u0631\u00a01852 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c\u00a0\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0629 7 \u064a\u0646\u0627\u064a\u0631\u00a01892\u00a0(39 \u0633\u0646\u0629) \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646\u060c\u00a0\u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0637\u0646\u0629 \u00a0\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u00a0\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u064a\u00a0\u00a0 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u00a0\u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642\u00a0\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645 \u0634\u0641\u0642 \u0646\u0648\u0631 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3989,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[51],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/noossocial.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3988"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/noossocial.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/noossocial.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/noossocial.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/noossocial.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3988"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/noossocial.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3988\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/noossocial.com\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/3989"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/noossocial.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3988"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/noossocial.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3988"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/noossocial.com\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3988"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}