{"id":27346,"date":"2023-08-01T16:59:50","date_gmt":"2023-08-01T16:59:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/noossocial.com\/?p=27346"},"modified":"2023-08-01T17:01:20","modified_gmt":"2023-08-01T17:01:20","slug":"%d9%83%d8%aa%d8%a8-%d8%ad%d8%b3%d9%86-%d8%b8%d8%a7%d8%b8%d8%a7-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%a7%d8%a6%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af-%d9%85%d8%b4%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%83%d8%b1%d8%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/noossocial.com\/?p=27346","title":{"rendered":"\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0638\u0627\u0638\u0627 : \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0634\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"

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 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629, \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 ( 1254 \u2013 1314 \u0647\u0640 \/1838 \u2013 1896\u0645 ) \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0642\u0628 \u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0642\u0628 ( \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 )\u0644\u0623\u0642\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0636 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u062e\u064a\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0635\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633 : \u0623\u062c\u0644 \u064a\u0642\u064a\u0646 , \u0623\u064a : \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u062a\u0645 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0628\u063a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 :<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 (- 1286\u0647\u0640 \/ 1869 \u0645 ): \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0639\u064f\u064a\u0651\u0650\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0623\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0636\u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0643 ( 1356 \u0647\u0640 \/ 1937 \u0645 ) : \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0643 ( 1341 \u0647\u0640 \/ 1922 \u0645 ) : \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u064a\u0637\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0637\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u062c\u0628 \u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

* \u0622\u063a\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0648\u0632\u064a (\u0627\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0638 )<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

<\/h4>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0632\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a ( 1126 \u0647\u0640 \/ 1714 \u0645 ) : \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0648\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0644\u0643 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u063a\u0631\u064a\u0628\u0648\u0632\u064a : \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0644\u064a\u0638 ( \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 ). \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u0643\u0646 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0642 \u0633\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062c\u0629. \u0648\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062f\u064a\u062f \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0635\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0627 \u0645\u0636\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0644\u0643 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u063a \u0648\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 :<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0622\u063a\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0633\u0646\u0629 ( 1225 \u0647\u0640 \/ 1810 \u0645 ) : \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0643 ( 1338 \u0647\u0640\/ 1859 \u0645 ) : \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0648\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 ( 1338 \u0647\u0640 \/ 1919 \u0645 ) : \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u062a\u0642\u0644\u0651\u064e\u062f \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u064a .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0648\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0643 : \u0623\u062d\u062f \u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a\u0635\u0644 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0648\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0646\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u062d\u064a\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062f\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0629 ( 1349 \u0647\u0640 \/ 1930\u0645 ) : \u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0637\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0630\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0631\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0634\u0628\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

* \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0628\u0634<\/strong><\/h4>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0638\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062c\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0643\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0629 \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 . \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u063a \u0648\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 :<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0648\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0647 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0643 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f : \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u062a \u0628\u062a\u0634\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0630\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0641\u0638\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u064a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0635\u0637\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0641 \u062e\u0627\u0635 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0623\u0630\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u062d\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0631\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u062c \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0639\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0637\u064a\u062e \u0641\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0644\u0623\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0623\u0633\u0648\u0627\u0642 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0648\u0646\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0643 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f (1309 \u2013 1395 \u0647\u0640 \/1891 \u2013 1975 \u0645 ) : \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 ( 1949 \u0645 )\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 ( 1953 \u2013 1954 \u0645 ) .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0648\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f : \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0629 ( 1355 \u0647\u0640 \/1936 \u0645 ) : \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0645\u0641\u0643\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641<\/strong> .<\/h4>\n

<\/h4>\n

* \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0648 \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a ( \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f )<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

<\/h4>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0628\u0646\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628 ( 532 \u2013 589 \u0647\u0640 \/ 1137 \u2013 1193\u0645)\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0629 ( 1450 \u0647\u0640 \/ 1931 \u0645 ) : \u0625\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 ( 1972\u0640 1976\u0645 ) \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d, \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0629 (1358\u0647\u0640\/ 1939\u0645 ) : \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d , \u0646\u0634\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0643\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648 \u0641\u062a\u0641\u062a\u0642\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0647\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u064a\u062f\u064a\u0647, \u0648\u062e\u0637\u0628 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062c\u062f \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 , \u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 , \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0646\u0627\u062c\u062d\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629, \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u064a\u062c \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0633\u0646\u0629 (1393\u0647\u0640\/ 1973\u0645), \u0648\u0634\u063a\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629, \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0646 ), \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628, \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636.<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f: \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a, \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0641.<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0621: \u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a ,\u0645\u0639\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0630\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 , \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646 (- 1345\u0647\u0640\/ 1926\u0645) \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0643\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a, \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0629 (1354\u0647\u0640\/ 1933\u0645): \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0644\u0641\u0632\u064a\u0648\u0646\u064a, \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629.<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0629 ( 1351 \u0647\u0640 \/ 1932 \u0645 ): \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u064a\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0644\u064a\u0632\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0643\u0648\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0631\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0634\u0639\u0627\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641 \u0648\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 ( \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f ) \u062d\u0645\u0648 \u0622\u063a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a : \u062c\u062f \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u062d\u0645\u0648 \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0648\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0622\u063a\u0627 : \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0628\u0627\u0646\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u062d\u0645\u0648 \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0632\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0643\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

\u00a0<\/strong><\/h4>\n

\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

* \u0628\u062f\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0646<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629, \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062c\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0642\u062f\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u062e\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0635\u064a\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0642\u064a \u0647\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0637\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0633\u0644\u0645 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062a\u0649 \u0628\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062e\u0630 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 ( \u0643\u0631\u064a\u062a )\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0633\u0646\u0629 ( 1286\u0647\u0640 \/ 1869\u0645 )\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0637\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0649 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 ( \u0625\u062d\u062f\u0649 \u0648\u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639\u064a\u0646 ) \u0634\u062e\u0635\u0627\u064b \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u0627\u062b\u060c \u0634\u063a\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0645\u0647\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 : \u0628\u062f\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0646\u062c\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u060c\u0648\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u062d\u0631\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0643\u060c \u0648\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0628\u0643\u060c \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

\u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0631\u0648\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d ( 1327 – 1413\u0647\u0640 \/ 1909 \u2013 1992 \u0645 ): \u0645\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062d\u0627\u062c\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646 <\/strong>.<\/h4>\n

* \u0628\u0648\u0638\u0648<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0648\u0638\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 : \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u064a\u0636 \u0643\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u062c. \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0628\u063a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 :<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 ( 1287 \u0647\u0640\/ 1870 \u0645 ):\u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u064a .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0648\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f ( 1323 \u2013 1417 \u0647\u0640 \/ 1905 \u2013 1996 \u0645 ) : \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0639\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c\u0648\u0622\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u062d\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062e\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u064a\u0629 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a ( 1324 – … \u0647\u0640 \/ 1906 -….. \u0645 ) : \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0642\u0637\u0646\u0627 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 ( 1341 \u0647\u0640 \/ 1922 \u0645 ) : \u062a\u0642\u0644\u062f \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0642\u0635\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0646\u0647\u0631 \u064a\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0633\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0628\u0643 \u0648\u0645\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0643 : \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0648\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0647\u0627\u0628 \u0628\u0648\u0638\u0648 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0632\u064a\u0629- \u0638\u0627\u0638\u0627 ( 1335 \u2013 1407 \u0647\u0640 \/ 1915 \u2013 1986 \u0645 ) :<\/span> \u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0636\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0644\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0629 ( 1954 , 1955\u0645 )\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u0644 ( 1955\u0640 1956 \u0645 ) <\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628 ( 1335 – ….\u0647\u0640 \/ 1916 -…\u0645 ) : \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645 .<\/strong>\u0648\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u0648\u062c \u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0639\u0632\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0644\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0642\u0648\u0637\u0631\u0634 \u0648\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0641\u0648\u062c \u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0638\u0627\u0638\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 (( \u0628\u0641\u0631\u0633\u0648 )) \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0638\u0627\u0638\u0627 \u0628\u0646 \u0632\u0627\u0631\u0648 \u0623\u063a\u0627 \u0628\u0646 \u0634\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0627<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u0638\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u0633\u0628 \u0623\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0647 : \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a\u060c \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u062d\u0642\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a ( 1987 \u2013 1992 \u0645) .<\/strong> – \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u062f ( \u0645\u0627\u062c\u062f\u0629 )\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062f\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0629 ( 1376\u0647\u0640 \/ 1956 \u0645 ): \u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0634\u0631 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0647\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 ( 1414\u0647\u0640 \/ 1993\u0645 ): \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0641\u062a\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647 : \u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 ( 1355-1416\u0647\u0640\/1936- 1995\u0645) \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u064a,\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u0629 (3)0<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642 , \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0629 (1357 \u0647\u0640\/1938\u0645): \u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645 , \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 (\u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u0641\u0627),\u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0633\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0643 \u0628\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u0644\u0648 : \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u062f\u062f .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u0644\u0648 : \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0635\u064a \u0628\u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0641\u0627\u0644 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

* \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0643\u0644\u064a<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 . \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0628\u063a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 :<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0643\u0644\u064a( 1310 \u2013 1396 \u0647\u0640 \/ 1893 \u2013 1976 \u0645 ) : \u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628 \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0644\u0647 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0634\u0647\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0648\u0639\u0629 ( \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 ) .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0648\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 ( 1321 – … \u0647\u0640 \/ 1903 – … \u0645 ) : \u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0646 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0648\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 : \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0629 ( 1402\u0647\u0640 \/ 1981\u0645 ) \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0641\u062c\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0632\u0628\u0643\u064a\u0629 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

<\/h4>\n

\u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

* \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645<\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645:<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0631\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 ( 1274 \u2013 1334\u0647\u0640 \/ 1857 \u2013 1915\u0645 ) : \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u060c \u062c\u0631\u064a\u0621\u060c \u0645\u0641\u062a\u064a \u0622\u0644\u0627\u064a ( \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 )\u060c \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0645\u062a\u062d\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0644\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0648\u062d\u0644\u0628 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u062d\u0645\u0635\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0634\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u062c\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0646\u0627\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0648\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0647 : \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 (1300 \u2013 1390\u0647\u0640 \/ 1882 \u2013 1971\u0645 ): \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0648\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a :\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0641\u0627\u0639\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0626\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0634\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u062a\u0644\u064a .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u062d\u0644\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062f\u062a \u0633\u0646\u0629 ( 1366 \u0647\u0640 \/ 1946 \u0645 ) : \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

* \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 : \u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0644 . \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0628\u063a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 :<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 : \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0632\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0645\u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0633\u0646\u0629 ( 1891\u0645 ) .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f ( 1349 \u2013 1414\u0647\u0640 \/ 1930 \u2013 1993\u0645 ) : \u0635\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0630\u0644\u064a .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0627\u062c \u062f\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 : \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0634\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0648\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 : \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0639\u0645\u0631 : \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0648\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0645\u0634\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 :<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 : \u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0645\u0642\u064a\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u062f\u0629 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0648\u0625\u062e\u0648\u062a\u0647 : \u0646\u0630\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u062d\u0643\u0645\u062a : \u0645\u0646 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0632\u0629 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0648\u062d\u0643\u0645\u062a : \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631 : \u0639\u0636\u0648 \u063a\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 : \u0646\u0635\u0648\u062d \u0648\u0645\u0645\u062f\u0648\u062d : \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0648\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f : \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0648\u0645 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0646\u0627\u0646 : \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u064a\u064a\u0646 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0648\u0639\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0632\u064a\u0632 \u0628\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0629 ( 1367\u0647\u0640 \/ 1947 \u0645 ) : \u0645\u0627\u062c\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0634\u064a\u060c \u0645\u062d\u0642\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

<\/h4>\n

* \u0634\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0627 ( \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0648\u0631\u064a )<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

<\/h4>\n

\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a \u0634\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u060c \u0645\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0627\u062f\u062b ( 1277\u0647\u0640 \/ 1860\u0645 ) \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u062e\u062f\u064a\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0634\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f . \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0633\u062a\u0629 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0645 :<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0622\u063a\u0627 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0648\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 ( 1318 \u0647\/ 1900 \u0645 ) : \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0635\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0628\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0639\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0644\u0645\u062c\u062f \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0641 \u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0631\u062b \u062b\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0633\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a ( \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646 ) ( \u0648\u0628\u0631\u0632\u0629 ) ( \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631\u0629 ) \u0648 ( \u0648\u0632\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646 ).\u0648\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0627\u0631\u0648\u062c\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0623\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0647\u064a\u0626\u0629 \u062a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0622\u062b\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0644\u062b \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0622\u063a\u0627 ( 1327 \u0647\u0640 \/ 1909 \u0645 ) : \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0648\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0647 \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0622\u063a\u0627 : \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0648\u0639\u062c\u0627\u062c \u0622\u063a\u0627 ( 1335 \u0647\u0640 \/ 1916 \u0645 ) : \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

– \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0622\u063a\u0627 : \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0634\u0623 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0639\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f ( 1385 \u0647\u0640 \/ 1964\u0645 ) .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0631\u062c\u0628 \u0622\u063a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0622\u063a\u0627 : \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n
    \n
  • \n

    \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0623\u062c\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 ( \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0633\u0627\u0645 ) \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0646\u0649 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647\u0645 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0646\u064a : \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0631\u064a\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0641\u0648\u0646 ( \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u062a\u064a\u0646 ) : \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e ( \u0647\u0645\u0628\u0631 ) \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 : \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u062c\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u062a\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0643\u060c \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0639\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0630\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0623\u0642\u0631\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u062a .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0646\u0632\u0644 \u062c\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0635 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0633\u0646\u0629 ( 1112 \u0647\u0640 \/ 1700 \u0645 ) \u0648\u0623\u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 . \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0628\u063a \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 :<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0647\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f : \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 ( 1348\u0647\u0640 \/ 1929\u0645 ) : \u062a\u0642\u0644\u062f \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641 \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0626\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0634\u064f\u0647\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0634\u064a\u062f \u0642\u0635\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0631\u062b\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0625\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0645\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 ( 1932 \u0645 )\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0647\u062f\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0635\u0631 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1974\u0645.<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0648\u0627\u0628\u0646\u062a\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0632\u0643 (1305-1379 \u0647\u0640\/ 1887=1959\u0645) : \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629,\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0639\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u0633\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u064a\u062f\u0648\u064a \u0644\u0645\u0635\u0644\u062d\u0629 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u064a\u062d\u0627\u0621.<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0632\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0647\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 (1272-1343\u0647\u0640 \/1855-1924\u0645). \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f, \u0646\u0634\u0637 \u0644\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0625\u064a\u0635\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c\u0627\u0632\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u062b\u0631\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0644\u063a\u062a \u0645\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u0647\u0628, \u0648\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0639 \u0628\u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0622\u0644\u0627\u0641 \u0644\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 , \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0648\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0647 : \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0643 :\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u064a\u0646.<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0643 (1248-1358\u0647\u0640\/1867=1939\u0645):\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u0626\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0641\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644.<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631(…-1327\u0647\u0640\/000-1909\u0645):\u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0628 \u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629 : \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 , \u0648\u0631\u0636\u0649 \u0628\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0648\u0632\u064a \u0628\u0643 : \u0648\u0643\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0643 \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0638\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0648\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 , \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 :\u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0643\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0645\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0643 \u060c\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0645\u064f\u062f\u062d\u062a \u0633\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0645 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f, \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0629 (1336\u0647\u0640\/ 1917\u0645): \u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0639\u0646\u0628\u0631\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642, \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0634\u0641\u064a\u0629, \u0646\u0642\u064a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646, \u0648\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629 \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u0631\u064a\u0629, \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0639 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u060c\u0648\u0623\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0633\u0644\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631, \u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062d\u0642\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u062c\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u0621. \u0648\u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 (1277-1347\u0647\u0640\/1860-1928\u0645)<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0623\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

    \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n

    \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 ,\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 (1218\u0647\u0640\/1803\u0645) \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646, \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0644\u062f\u0647 (\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0622\u063a\u0627) \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0633\u064f\u0645\u064a \u0628\u0647, \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0631\u0629 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u063a \u0648\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645:<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0639\u0631\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0622\u063a\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 (1184-1264\u0647\u0640\/1770-1847\u0645) \u0645\u0646 \u0632\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0635\u062f\u0642\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u063a\u0627 \u060c \u0648\u064a\u0648\u0646\u0633 \u0622\u063a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0648\u0631\u064a.<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0648\u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0622\u063a\u0627 : \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0648\u0627\u062e\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 (13\u0647\u0640) . \u0648\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u063a\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f.<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0648\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0637\u0641\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0627 (1317-1422\u0647\u0640\/1899-2001\u0645): \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a\u0646, \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0643\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631, \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0629 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0648\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631, \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0629 (1936\u0645): \u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0648\u0623\u0637\u0631\u0648\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646: (\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0639\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0622\u0646\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629), \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0627\u062a\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0636\u0648 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0648\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0648\u062d\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0622\u063a\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0629 ( 1365 \u0647\u0640\/ 1945\u0645 )\u060c \u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u063a\u0631\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a \u0648\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0630\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u062a\u062d\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0629 ( 1381 \u0647\u0640 \/1961\u0645 ) \u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0644\u064a\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u0627 \u0648\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0633 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0645\u0629 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0636\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a\u0645\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u064a\u0631\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0629 ( 1421 \u0647\u0640 \/2001\u0645 ).<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0623\u063a\u0627 (000- 1413 \u0647\u0640 \/1992 \u0645 ) \u0645\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633 \u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u064a\u060c \u0648 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0630\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0646 \u0631\u062c\u0628 \u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0646 : \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0632\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0627\u064b .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0631\u062c\u0628 : \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0648\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u0642\u0628\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u0633\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646. \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 : \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a : \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u00a0 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a<\/span><\/strong><\/h3>\n

    \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0623\u0635\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0646\u062a\u0633\u0628\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u0629 . \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u063a \u0648\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 :<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 : \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629. \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u063a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0643\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a ( 1293 -1372 \u0647\u0640 \/ 1879 \u2013 1953 \u0645 ) : \u0628\u062d\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0643\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0633\u0644\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0631\u064a\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0633\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0631\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u062a\u064a ( \u0627\u0644\u0638\u0627\u0647\u0631 ) \u0648 ( \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u064a\u062f )\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0630 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f\u0647\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u062f \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641 \u0633\u0646\u0629 ( 1920 -1922 , 1928 \u2013 1931 \u0645 ) .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f ( 1346 \u0647\u0640 \/1927 \u0645 ) : \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u062a\u0628\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u062a\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 . \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0626\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0648\u0647 \u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0623\u062e \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f : \u0623\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0635\u0631 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0648\u0628\u0644\u0642\u064a\u0633 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f : \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062c\u0647\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0645\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 : \u0645\u0624\u0630\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062c\u062f \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u0634\u062a\u063a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0635\u0646\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u064a\u0627\u0637\u0629 <\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0648\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u060c\u0648\u0644\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0629 ( 1338 \u0647\u0640 \/1919 \u0645 ) : \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0646\u064a .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0648\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 : \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642<\/strong> .<\/h4>\n

    * \u0643\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

    \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0644\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0629 \u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0629 . \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0646\u0638\u064a\u0631 \u0623\u0641\u0646\u062f\u064a ( 1311 \u0647\u0640 \/1894 \u0645 ): \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0628 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0629 ( 1296 \u0647\u0640 \/ 1878\u0645 )\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0632\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u060c \u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0635\u0644\u0649 \u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b . \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u063a \u0648\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 :<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 : \u0623\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u064a\u0644\u062f\u0627 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 ( 1292 \u2013 1355 \u0647\/ \/ 1875 \u2013 1936\u0645 ) : \u0635\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0634\u0628\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c\u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0627\u0647\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0636\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0627 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0648\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u064a\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0629 ( 1334 \u0647\u0640 \/1915\u0645 ) : \u0635\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0634\u0628\u0646\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0625\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u062e\u0637\u064a\u0628 \u0628\u0628\u0644\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u0628\u064a\u0644\u0627 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0648\u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0633\u0649 ( 1294 \u2013 1357 \u0647\u0640 \/ 1877 \u2013 1938\u0645 ) : \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0634\u0627\u0641\u0639\u064a \u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f\u060c \u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0634\u0628\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u064a\u0633\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0648\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0633\u064a\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0634\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0643\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648 \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0629 ( 1330\u0647\u0640 \/1911\u0645 ) : \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0641\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u0644\u0649\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0639 \u0623\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0648\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0635\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u062a\u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c \u0645\u0626\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0628\u062b \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0643\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u062d\u0627\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u062a\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0648\u0641 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062d\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0644\u0647\u060c \u0632\u0627\u0631 \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0628\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0645\u0628\u0644\u063a\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0636\u0631 \u0639\u0634\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0648 \u0623\u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u064a\u0639\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0648\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0643\u062b\u064a\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0644\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 ( \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0648\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0643\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u0648 ).<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    * \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0634\u0628\u0646\u062f\u064a ( \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 )<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0634\u0628\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0634\u0628\u0646\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a ( 1193 \u2013 1242\u0647\u0640 \/1779 \u2013 1826\u0645 )\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0639\u0641\u0627\u0646 : \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0634\u0627\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0634\u0628\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u0646 ( 13 \u0647\u0640).\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0633\u0646\u0629 ( 1238\u0647\u0640 \/ 1828\u0645 ) \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0632\u0628\u0631\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0628\u062f\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0639\u0645\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0632\u064a. \u0648\u062a\u0632\u0648\u062c \u0634\u0642\u064a\u0642\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0634\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0628\u0644\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0627\u0636\u0648\u0644 \u060c\u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0642\u064a\u0644 \u0623\u0646 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0632\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0626\u0629 \u0623\u0644\u0641 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0631\u064a\u062f. \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0645\u0624\u0644\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0648\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0648\u062f\u0641\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0642\u064a\u0645\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0628\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u0646. \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u063a \u0648\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 :<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0622\u062e\u0648\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 : \u0645\u0646 \u0634\u064a\u0648\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0634\u0628\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0621 \u0623\u062e\u064a\u0647 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0648\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u0627 : \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f : \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0638\u0647\u0627 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0633\u0639\u062f ( 1347 \u0647\u0640 \/1928 \u0645 ) : \u0634\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0642\u0634\u0628\u0646\u062f\u064a\u0629 , \u0623\u062f\u064a\u0628 \u0645\u0635\u0646\u0641\u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0631\u0643 \u0630\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 :<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f ( 1423 \u0647\u0640 \/2002 \u0645 ) : \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0623\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0621 \u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0648\u0631 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 : \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0641\u0639\u0629 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 \u0646\u062c\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f : ( 1142 \u2013 1275 \u0647\u0640 \/1729 \u2013 1858 \u0645 )\u060c :\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0634\u0627\u0628\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0635\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0646\u0642\u0634\u0628\u0646\u062f\u064a.<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0648\u0641\u0627\u0637\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0645\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0627 \u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f ( 1241 \u2013 1286 \u0647\u0640 \/ 1728 \u2013 1869 \u0645 ) : \u0632\u0648\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u062e \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u0629\u060c \u0635\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0642 ( 1423 \u0647\u0640 \/ 2002 \u0645 ) : \u0628\u0637\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0641\u064a <\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629.<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    * \u00a0\u00a0\u0639\u0627 \u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n

    \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0649 \u0648\u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u064a<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0636\u0644\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0641\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0631\u062e \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0645\u0627\u0647 ( \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u064a\u0629 )\u060c \u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0641\u064a\u0647 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0645 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f \u0648\u0631\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0647\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0630\u0643\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0633\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c \u0648\u0642\u0627\u0644 :\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0643 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0633\u0641 ( 1250 \u0647 \/ 1843 \u0645 ) \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062f\u064a\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0643\u0631(( \u0622\u0645\u062f ))\u00a0 \u060c \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u060c \u0623\u062d\u0628 \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0627\u062a\u0633\u0639\u062a \u062b\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647\u060c \u0648\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0632\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f . \u0648\u0645\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0628\u063a \u0648\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0645 :<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0643 (000\u0640 1280\u0647\u0640\/000\u06401863\u0645 ) : \u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0645\u0633\u0644\u0643 \u0623\u0628\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u062c\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0623\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0628\u0634\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0628\u064a \u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0644\u0628\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0641\u0639\u064a\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062d\u064a\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062c\u0639\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646\u062d\u0647 \u0642\u0633\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0642\u0631\u064a\u0629 ( \u0645\u062c\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u062c\u0631 )\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0642\u0644\u062f\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 ( \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u0627\u0631 )\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u0629 \u0631\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0632\u0648\u062c \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0628\u0646\u0629 \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0643\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0645\u0646 \u0622\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0632\u064a .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0648\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 ( 1255 \u2013 1314 \u0647\u0640 \/ 1839 \u2013 1869 \u0645 ) : \u062a\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0623\u0645\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u0631\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0633\u0627\u0641\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0631\u062c\u0639 \u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0631\u0641\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0643\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0621\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0637\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0633\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0629 \u060c\u062b\u0645 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627 \u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642. \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0644\u0648\u0627\u0646 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0646\u064a : \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u060c \u064a\u062d\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0629 \u0623\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062f\u0628\u060c \u0645\u062f\u062d\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u064a \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u062f\u0631\u0643\u0646\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0631\u0623\u064a\u0646\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u0648\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0647 \u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0627 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647 \u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0648\u0627\u0643\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0648\u0627\u0641 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0641\u0642\u062f \u0644\u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0638\u0627\u0626\u0641\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a\u0629 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0648\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0643 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 : \u0648\u062c\u064a\u0647 \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644\u060c \u062a\u062e\u0631\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u062d\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0627 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0646\u0647\u0627 : \u0635\u064a\u062f\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0628\u0643\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0627\u0641\u0627 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631\u0647\u0627 .\u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u062b\u064a\u0644\u064a .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0648\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u0643\u062a \u0628\u0643 : \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0621\u060c \u0635\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0632\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0648\u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0628\u0643 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 ( 1323 \u0647\u0640 \/1342 \u0645 ) : \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0648\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0641 \u0628\u0643 : \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0639\u0636\u0627\u0621 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0648\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0647 : \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0641 ( 1402 \u0647\u0640 \u2013 1981 \u0645 ) : \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u0647 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0643\u0629 ( \u062a\u0627\u0628\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0641\u0637 )\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0646\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u062e\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0631\u0648\u064a\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0648\u0648\u0644\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627\u0634\u062f \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0648\u0644\u062f \u0633\u0646\u0629 ( 1374 \u0647\u0640 \/1954\u0645 ) : \u0623\u062e \u0648\u0635\u062f\u064a\u0642\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0636\u0644 \u060c\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u060c \u062e\u0631\u064a\u062c \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0628\u0631\u0648\u0643\u0633\u0644 \u0639\u0627\u0645 ( 1928\u0645 )\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u062d\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631\u064a\u0643\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0633\u0646\u0629 (1989\u0645) \u0637\u0628\u064a\u0628 \u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0642\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0631\u0627\u062d\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0634\u0641\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u064a .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062d\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0628\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 : \u0623\u062d\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0639\u064a\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0627\u0645\u064a\u060c \u0633\u0628\u0637 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0634\u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0642\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u062a\u062e\u0644\u0649 \u0644\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u064a\u0639 \u062b\u0631\u0648\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0639\u062a\u0646\u0649 \u0628\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645\u0647 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0646 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u062f \u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0648\u0631 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0639\u062c\u0632\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648\u062a\u0642\u0644\u062f \u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0644\u0627\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062a\u0628 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0635\u062f\u064a \u0628\u064a\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062e\u0628 \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0629\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0636\u0648\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u062e \u0632\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u064a\u0646 .<\/strong> \u0648\u0647\u0646\u0627\u0643 \u0635\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0631\u0628\u0649 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0646 \u0625\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0623\u063a\u0627 \u0628\u0646 \u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0628\u0646 \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u063a\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0646 \u0644\u064a\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0646\u062a \u0625\u064a\u0632\u0648\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u063a\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u064a \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062c\u0627\u0647\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u062a\u0645\u064a \u0644\u0639\u0634\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0647\u0631, \u0648\u0645\u0646<\/span> \u0623\u062d\u0641\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0626\u0644\u0629 \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u063a\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0647\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u062e\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0648\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0628 \u0643\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0623\u063a\u0627 \u0648\u0641\u0627\u064a\u0632 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u00a0\u0648\u062e\u0627\u0644\u062f \u062a\u0645\u0631\u0623\u063a\u0627 <\/span><\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u062b\u0645 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0632\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u060c \u062b\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062f\u062e\u0648\u0644 \u062c\u064a\u0634 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a \u0639\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0649\u060c \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0627\u062f\u062b\u0629 ( \u062e\u0631\u0628\u0629 \u063a\u0632\u0627\u0644\u0629 ) \u0641\u064a \u062d\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0646\u0629 ( 1339\u0647\u0640 \/1920\u0645 )\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0641\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u062d\u062f\u0627\u062d .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0642\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0635\u0646\u064a : \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u0645\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0634\u062c\u0627\u0639\u0629\u060c \u064a\u062f\u0627\u0631\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0635\u063a\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0646\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0642\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0642\u064a\u0644 : \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0634\u064a\u0627\u0621 \u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0639\u0642\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u062c\u0644\u060c \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u064a\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0644\u0635\u0627\u062d\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0623\u0639\u0642\u0628 \u0623\u0648\u0644\u0627\u062f\u0627\u064b \u0648\u0648\u062c\u0647\u0627\u0621 \u0647\u0645 : \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f \u0628\u0643 ( 1319 – 000 \u0647\u0640 \/ 1901 – 000 \u0645 ) : \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638 \u0645\u062f\u064a\u0646\u0629 \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062a\u0627\u0632\u0629\u060c \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u064a\u062c\u064a\u062f \u062e\u0645\u0633\u0629 \u0644\u063a\u0627\u062a ( \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 , \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a\u0629 , \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u064a\u0629 , \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0629 , \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 ) .<\/strong><\/h4>\n

    \u0648\u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0628\u0643 , \u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0628\u0643 , \u0648\u0641\u0624\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0643 : \u0645\u0646 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0631\u0627\u0636\u064a.<\/strong><\/h4>\n

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     <\/p>\n

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